Zhu Ruihan, Zheng Man, Liu Shuang, Guo Jia, Cao Chunmei
Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Oct 9;14(10):919. doi: 10.3390/bs14100919.
Team sports require athletes' exceptional perceptual-cognitive skills, such as anticipation and decision-making. Perceptual-cognitive training in laboratories aims to enhance these abilities. However, its effectiveness in real-game performance remains controversial, necessitating a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine optimal training methods. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases (e.g., PubMed, WOS, Scopus, and EBSCO) for relevant studies published before November 2023, assessed study quality, extracted important characteristics, and conducted a meta-analysis using Stata 15.1. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023494324). A total of 22 quantitative studies involving 45 effect sizes were included. Perceptual-cognitive training positively influenced elite athletes' anticipation and decision-making. However, its transfer effect on real-game performance improvement ( = 0.65) was inferior to laboratory performance improvement ( = 1.51). Sub-group analyses indicated that the effects of training interventions varied based on stimulus presentation and intervention duration. Based on our findings, we concluded that while perceptual-cognitive training improved on-court performance, its transfer effects were limited. To maximize effectiveness, future interventions should use virtual reality to present training stimuli and incorporate participants' sport-specific responses to reflect real-game scenarios.
团队运动需要运动员具备卓越的感知认知技能，如预判和决策能力。实验室中的感知认知训练旨在提升这些能力。然而，其在实际比赛表现中的有效性仍存在争议，因此有必要进行系统综述和荟萃分析以确定最佳训练方法。按照PRISMA指南，我们在数据库（如PubMed、WOS、Scopus和EBSCO）中检索了2023年11月之前发表的相关研究，评估了研究质量，提取了重要特征，并使用Stata 15.1进行了荟萃分析。本研究已在PROSPERO（CRD42023494324）注册。共纳入了22项涉及45个效应量的定量研究。感知认知训练对精英运动员的预判和决策产生了积极影响。然而，其对实际比赛表现提升的转移效应（=0.65）不如对实验室表现提升的效应（=1.51）。亚组分析表明，训练干预的效果因刺激呈现方式和干预持续时间而异。基于我们的研究结果，我们得出结论，虽然感知认知训练提高了场上表现，但其转移效应是有限的。为了使效果最大化，未来的干预措施应使用虚拟现实来呈现训练刺激，并纳入参与者特定运动的反应以反映实际比赛场景。
