García-Buades M Esther, Montañez-Juan Maribel, Blahopoulou Joanna, Ortiz-Bonnin Silvia, Chela-Alvarez Xènia, Bulilete Oana, Llobera Joan
Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands.
Mallorca Primary Health Care Research Unit, IBSalut and IdISBa.
Workplace Health Saf. 2025 Mar;73(3):116-130. doi: 10.1177/21650799241282787. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
Hotel housekeeping is widely recognized as a poor-quality job due to its high demands and limited resources. Hotel housekeepers (HHs) face both hard physical work and mentally demanding conditions, yet psychosocial factors in this feminized and precarious occupation remain under-researched. To address this gap, this study examines HHs' exposure to psychosocial factors at work and their impact on job stress and self-rated health.
A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 926 HHs in the Balearic Islands (Spain) assessed job stress, self-rated health, psychosocial factors (job demands and resources), and sociodemographic variables using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ-II) and the National Health Survey. Descriptive analysis and hierarchical linear regression models were applied.
The prevalence of job stress was 61.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [57.8%, 64.1%]), while the prevalence of poor self-rated health was 59.9% (95% CI = [56.6%, 62.9%]). Hotel housekeepers were highly exposed to job demands such as intense work pace, job-specific stressors, work-life conflict, and emotional demands; highly available job resources were role clarity, task meaning, and social support. Regression models revealed work pace, work-life conflict, nationality, and weak leader support as key predictors of job stress; and work-life conflict and leadership quality as key predictors of self-rated health.
CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Although considered an eminently physical job, psychosocial work factors play a key role in explaining HHs' job stress and self-rated health. Occupational health professionals should design workplace interventions to reduce work pace, mitigate work-life conflict, and enhance resources such as leader support, sense of community, and leadership quality.
由于酒店客房服务工作要求高且资源有限，它被广泛认为是一项低质量的工作。酒店客房服务员面临着繁重的体力劳动和精神压力大的工作环境，然而，在这个女性化且不稳定的职业中，社会心理因素仍未得到充分研究。为填补这一空白，本研究调查了酒店客房服务员在工作中接触社会心理因素的情况及其对工作压力和自评健康的影响。
对西班牙巴利阿里群岛926名酒店客房服务员进行随机抽样的横断面调查，使用哥本哈根社会心理问卷II（COPSOQ-II）和国民健康调查评估工作压力、自评健康、社会心理因素（工作要求和资源）以及社会人口学变量。采用描述性分析和分层线性回归模型。
工作压力的患病率为61.1%（95%置信区间[CI]=[57.8%，64.1%]），自评健康状况不佳的患病率为59.9%（95%CI=[56.6%，62.9%]）。酒店客房服务员面临高强度的工作节奏、特定工作压力源、工作与生活冲突以及情感需求等工作要求；高度可用的工作资源包括角色清晰度、任务意义和社会支持。回归模型显示，工作节奏、工作与生活冲突、国籍以及领导支持薄弱是工作压力的关键预测因素；工作与生活冲突和领导质量是自评健康的关键预测因素。
结论/实践应用：尽管酒店客房服务工作被认为主要是体力劳动，但社会心理工作因素在解释酒店客房服务员的工作压力和自评健康方面起着关键作用。职业健康专业人员应设计工作场所干预措施，以降低工作节奏、减轻工作与生活冲突，并增强领导支持、社区感和领导质量等资源。
