School of Health & Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States.
School of Communication, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
Front Public Health. 2024 Oct 17;12:1395941. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1395941. eCollection 2024.
COVID-19 remains a significant public health threat. The primary purpose of this study was to test the health belief model (HBM) constructs in predicting COVID-19 booster intentions of college students.
A total of 285 students enrolled at large public university in the Southeastern U.S., who were 18 years and older, completed an online survey to assess COVID-19 vaccination status, prior or current COVID-19 infection, demographics, and HBM constructs.
Over three quarters of the sample (81.4%, = 232) was fully vaccinated, 2.1% ( = 6) was partially vaccinated, and 16.5% ( = 47) was unvaccinated. Furthermore, 53.4% ( = 124) of students who self-reported being fully vaccinated also reported receiving the booster vaccine. Nearly half of the sample (49.1%, = 140) self-reported previously or currently testing positive for COVID-19. Results of the stepwise multiple regression indicated the HBM constructs of perceived benefits ( =0.596; < 0.001) and cues to action ( =0.275; < 0.001) were significant predictors of respondents' behavioral intention to receive the COVID-19 booster in the next 6 months. The significant predictors at step 2 accounted for 64.6% [ = 0.646, (2, 111 = 101.331, < 0.001)] of the variance in behavioral intention to get the COVID-19 booster in the next 6 months.
Practitioners developing HBM-based interventions to enhance COVID-19 booster intentions among college students should tailor health promotion strategies that target perceived benefits and cues to action. Although some of the HBM constructs were not statistically significant in the prediction model, they should not be entirely discounted in health promotion practice. Instead, practitioners should focus on supplemental strategies to improve those domains in college students.
COVID-19 仍然是一个重大的公共卫生威胁。本研究的主要目的是检验健康信念模型（HBM）结构对大学生 COVID-19 加强针意愿的预测作用。
共有 285 名在美国东南部一所大型公立大学就读的 18 岁及以上的学生完成了一项在线调查，以评估 COVID-19 疫苗接种状况、既往或当前 COVID-19 感染情况、人口统计学特征和 HBM 结构。
超过四分之三的样本（81.4%，即 232 人）已完全接种疫苗，2.1%（即 6 人）部分接种疫苗，16.5%（即 47 人）未接种疫苗。此外，53.4%（即 124 人）的完全接种疫苗的学生报告还接种了加强针。近一半的样本（49.1%，即 140 人）自我报告曾或目前 COVID-19 检测呈阳性。逐步多元回归的结果表明，感知益处（ =0.596；<0.001）和行动线索（ =0.275；<0.001）的 HBM 结构是受访者在未来 6 个月内接受 COVID-19 加强针的行为意愿的显著预测因子。第 2 步的显著预测因子在未来 6 个月内解释了行为意愿的 64.6%[ =0.646，（2，111）=101.331，<0.001)]。
制定基于 HBM 的干预措施以增强大学生 COVID-19 加强针意愿的从业者应针对感知益处和行动线索制定健康促进策略。尽管 HBM 结构中的一些在预测模型中没有统计学意义，但它们在健康促进实践中不应完全被忽视。相反，从业者应专注于补充策略，以提高大学生在这些领域的水平。
