Wong Jessica Y, Lim Wey Wen, Cheung Justin K, Murphy Caitriona, Shiu Eunice Y C, Xiao Jingyi, Chen Dongxuan, Xie Yanmin, Li Mingwei, Xin Hualei, Szeto Michelle, Choi Sammi, Cowling Benjamin J
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Jan;150:107291. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107291. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
Influenza pandemic plans often recommend non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in household settings, including hand hygiene and face masks. We reviewed evidence supporting the recommendations of these measures to prevent the spread of influenza in households.
We performed systematic reviews between 26 May and 30 August 2022 in Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL to identify evidence for the effectiveness of selected measures recommended by representative national influenza pandemic plans. We prioritized evidence from randomized controlled trials conducted during influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza epidemics. Fixed-effects models were used to estimate the overall effects. Systematic reviews were registered in the OSF registry (https://osf.io/8kyth).
We selected 9 NPIs for evidence review. We identified 9 randomized controlled trials related to hand hygiene and face masks in household settings. 2 studies reported that measures could delay the introduction of influenza virus infections into households. However, we did not identify evidence from randomized controlled trials that indicated a substantial effect of hand hygiene and face masks in preventing the spread of influenza within households.
Limited evidence indicated that within-household measures may likely be effective only when implemented before or as soon as possible after symptom onset in an infected case. Improving the evidence base for NPIs in households and elsewhere is a continuing priority.
World Health Organization and the Strategic Topic Grants Scheme.
流感大流行计划通常建议在家庭环境中采取非药物干预措施（NPIs），包括手部卫生和佩戴口罩。我们回顾了支持这些措施建议以预防流感在家庭中传播的证据。
我们于2022年5月26日至8月30日在Medline、PubMed、EMBASE和CENTRAL数据库中进行了系统评价，以确定具有代表性的国家流感大流行计划所推荐的特定措施有效性的证据。我们优先考虑流感大流行和季节性流感流行期间进行的随机对照试验的证据。采用固定效应模型估计总体效应。系统评价已在OSF注册库（https://osf.io/8kyth）中注册。
我们选择了9项非药物干预措施进行证据审查。我们确定了9项关于家庭环境中手部卫生和佩戴口罩的随机对照试验。2项研究报告称，这些措施可以延迟流感病毒感染传入家庭。然而，我们未从随机对照试验中找到证据表明手部卫生和佩戴口罩在预防流感在家庭内传播方面有显著效果。
有限的证据表明，家庭内部措施可能仅在感染病例出现症状之前或之后尽快实施时才可能有效。改善家庭及其他场所非药物干预措施的证据基础仍是一项持续的优先事项。
世界卫生组织和战略主题资助计划。
