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对新的错误信息的党派性信念对准确性激励措施具有抗性。

Partisan belief in new misinformation is resistant to accuracy incentives.

作者信息

Stein Jonas, Keuschnigg Marc, van de Rijt Arnout

机构信息

Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Institute of Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.

出版信息

PNAS Nexus. 2024 Nov 11;3(11):pgae506. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae506. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Abstract

One explanation for why people accept ideologically welcome misinformation is that they are insincere. Consistent with the insincerity hypothesis, past experiments have demonstrated that bias in the veracity assessment of publicly reported statistics and debunked news headlines often diminishes considerably when accuracy is incentivized. Many statements encountered online, however, constitute previously unseen claims that are difficult to evaluate the veracity of. We hypothesize that when confronted with unfamiliar content, unsure partisans will form sincere beliefs that are ideologically aligned. Across three experimental studies, 1,344 conservative and liberal US participants assessed the veracity of 20 politically sensitive statements that either confirmed or contradicted social science evidence only known to experts. As hypothesized, analyses show that incentives failed to correct most ideological differences in the perceived veracity of statements. Sixty six to 78% of partisan differences in accuracy assessment persisted even when monetary stakes were raised beyond levels in prior studies. Participants displayed a surprising degree of confidence in their erroneous beliefs, as bias was not reduced when participants could safely avoid rating statements they were unsure about, without monetary loss. These findings suggest limits to the ability of disciplining interventions to reduce the expression of false statements, because many of the targeted individuals sincerely believe them to be true.

摘要

人们接受符合其意识形态的错误信息的一种解释是他们不真诚。与不真诚假说一致,过去的实验表明,当准确性受到激励时,对公开报道的统计数据和已被揭穿的新闻标题的真实性评估中的偏差通常会大幅减少。然而,在网上遇到的许多陈述构成了以前从未见过的、难以评估其真实性的说法。我们假设,当面对不熟悉的内容时,不确定的党派人士会形成与意识形态一致的真诚信念。在三项实验研究中,1344名美国保守派和自由派参与者评估了20条政治敏感陈述的真实性,这些陈述要么证实要么与只有专家才知道的社会科学证据相矛盾。正如所假设的那样,分析表明,激励措施未能纠正大多数在陈述真实性认知方面的意识形态差异。即使将金钱赌注提高到超过先前研究的水平,在准确性评估中66%至78%的党派差异仍然存在。参与者对其错误信念表现出惊人的自信程度,因为当参与者可以安全地避免对他们不确定的陈述进行评分而不会有金钱损失时,偏差并没有减少。这些发现表明,约束性干预措施在减少虚假陈述表达方面的能力有限,因为许多目标个体真诚地相信这些陈述是真实的。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/229b/11574615/2fbe4368cc63/pgae506f1.jpg

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