Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Environment, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 500, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-610, Brazil.
J Mol Histol. 2024 Nov 27;56(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s10735-024-10299-x.
Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively utilized in Neotropical agriculture for weed control. Despite their widespread application, concerns regarding water contamination and its consequential impacts on aquatic organisms persist. Notably, there remains a dearth of studies investigating the effects of glyphosate on Neotropical fish species. This study aimed to address this gap by investigating the morphophysiological effects of this herbicide on the liver, gills, and ovaries of Astyanax altiparanae, an ecological and economically important neotropical fish species. Forty individuals were acclimated for 15 days before being exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (65, 280, and 1000 µg/L) for 28 days. Histological and histometric analyses were conducted on liver, gill, and ovary samples. The findings revealed significant alterations in fish physiology following exposure to glyphosate. The hepatosomatic index increased markedly across all concentration levels, accompanied by dilation of hepatic sinusoidal capillaries, particularly pronounced at higher concentrations. Gill samples exhibited congestion in the central venous sinus, lamellar fusion, and cell death. Additionally, the exposed fish showed a decrease in gonadosomatic index, and the mature females an increase in pre-vitellogenic follicles and a decrease in vitellogenic follicles. This study detected adverse morphophysiological impacts of glyphosate-based herbicides on A. altiparanae, even at permitted concentrations. These findings emphasize the necessity for further research and improved management strategies to mitigate environmental risks associated with herbicide use in aquatic ecosystems.
草甘膦类除草剂在新热带农业中被广泛用于除草。尽管它们被广泛应用，但人们仍然对水污染及其对水生生物的影响感到担忧。值得注意的是，仍然缺乏研究草甘膦对新热带鱼类物种影响的研究。本研究旨在通过研究这种除草剂对Astyanax altiparanae（一种生态和经济上重要的新热带鱼类物种）的肝脏、鳃和卵巢的形态生理学影响来填补这一空白。40 只个体在暴露于不同浓度的草甘膦（65、280 和 1000μg/L）之前适应了 15 天，然后暴露于草甘膦 28 天。对肝脏、鳃和卵巢样本进行了组织学和组织计量学分析。研究结果表明，暴露于草甘膦后，鱼类的生理机能发生了显著变化。在所有浓度水平下，肝体比显著增加，伴随着肝窦毛细血管扩张，在较高浓度下更为明显。鳃样本显示中央静脉窦充血、板层融合和细胞死亡。此外，暴露的鱼类性腺体比指数下降，成熟雌性鱼类的前卵黄生成滤泡增加，卵黄生成滤泡减少。本研究检测到草甘膦类除草剂对 A. altiparanae 的不利形态生理学影响，即使在允许的浓度下也是如此。这些发现强调了需要进一步研究和改进管理策略，以减轻水生生态系统中除草剂使用带来的环境风险。
