Zhang Dandan, Chen Yong-Jun, Cui Tianxin, Zhang Jianzhong, Chen Si-Ying, Zhang Yin-Ping
Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China, 86 29 8265 7015, 86 29 8265 7015.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Nov 18;10:e62887. doi: 10.2196/62887.
In recent years, the frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases and insufficient emergency response capabilities, particularly issues exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, have underscored the critical role of nurses in addressing public health crises. It is currently necessary to investigate the emergency preparedness of nursing personnel following the COVID-19 pandemic completely liberalized, aiming to identify weaknesses and optimize response strategies.
This study aimed to assess the emergency response competence of nurses, identify their specific training needs, and explore the various elements that impact their emergency response competence.
Using a multistage stratified sampling method, 5 provinces from different geographical locations nationwide were initially randomly selected using random number tables. Subsequently, within each province, 2 tertiary hospitals, 4 secondary hospitals, and 10 primary hospitals were randomly selected for the survey. The random selection and stratification of the hospitals took into account various aspects such as geographical locations, different levels, scale, and number of nurses. This study involved 80 hospitals (including 10 tertiary hospitals, 20 secondary hospitals, and 50 primary hospitals), where nurses from different departments, specialties, and age groups anonymously completed a questionnaire on infectious disease emergency response capabilities.
This study involved 2055 participants representing various health care institutions. The nurses' mean score in infectious disease emergency response competence was 141.75 (SD 20.09), indicating a moderate to above-average level. Nearly one-fifth (n=397, 19.32%) of nurses have experience in responding to infectious disease emergencies; however, they acknowledge a lack of insufficient drills (n=615,29.93%) and training (n=502,24.43%). Notably, 1874 (91.19%) nurses expressed a willingness to undergo further training. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that significant factors affecting infectious disease emergency response competence included the highest degree, frequency of drills and training, and the willingness to undertake further training (B=-11.455, 7.344, 11.639, 14.432, 10.255, 7.364, and -11.216; all P<.05). Notably, a higher frequency of participation in drills and training sessions correlated with better outcomes (P<.001 or P<.05). Nurses holding a master degree or higher demonstrated significantly lower competence scores in responding to infectious diseases compared with nurses with a diploma or associate degree (P=.001). Approximately 1644 (80%) of the nurses preferred training lasting from 3 days to 1 week, with scenario simulations and emergency drills considered the most popular training methods.
These findings highlight the potential and need for nurses with infectious disease emergency response competence. Frequent drills and training will significantly enhance response competence; however, a lack of practical experience in higher education may have a negative impact on emergency performance. The study emphasizes the critical need for personalized training to boost nurses' abilities, especially through short-term, intensive methods and simulation drills. Further training and tailored plans are essential to improve nurses' overall proficiency and ensure effective responses to infectious disease emergencies.
近年来，传染病的频繁爆发以及应急响应能力的不足，尤其是在新冠疫情期间暴露的问题，凸显了护士在应对公共卫生危机中的关键作用。在新冠疫情全面放开后，有必要全面调查护理人员的应急准备情况，以找出薄弱环节并优化应对策略。
本研究旨在评估护士的应急响应能力，确定他们的具体培训需求，并探索影响其应急响应能力的各种因素。
采用多阶段分层抽样方法，首先使用随机数表从全国不同地理位置的5个省份中随机抽取。随后，在每个省内，随机抽取2家三级医院、4家二级医院和10家基层医院进行调查。医院的随机选择和分层考虑了地理位置、不同级别、规模以及护士数量等多个方面。本研究涉及80家医院（包括10家三级医院、20家二级医院和50家基层医院），来自不同科室、专业和年龄组的护士匿名填写了一份关于传染病应急响应能力的问卷。
本研究涉及代表各类医疗机构的2055名参与者。护士在传染病应急响应能力方面的平均得分为141.75（标准差20.09），表明处于中等偏上水平。近五分之一（n = 397，19.32%）的护士有应对传染病紧急情况的经验；然而，他们承认演练不足（n = 615，29.93%）和培训不足（n = 502，24.43%）。值得注意的是，1874名（91.19%）护士表示愿意接受进一步培训。多元线性回归分析表明，影响传染病应急响应能力的显著因素包括最高学历、演练和培训频率以及接受进一步培训的意愿（B = -11.455、7.344、11.639、14.432、10.255、7.364和 -11.216；均P <.05）。值得注意的是，更高频率地参与演练和培训课程与更好的结果相关（P <.001或P <.05）。与拥有文凭或副学士学位的护士相比，拥有硕士学位或更高学位的护士在应对传染病方面的能力得分显著较低（P =.001）。约1644名（80%）护士更喜欢为期3天至1周的培训，情景模拟和应急演练被认为是最受欢迎的培训方法。
这些发现凸显了具备传染病应急响应能力的护士的潜力和需求。频繁的演练和培训将显著提高响应能力；然而，高等教育中缺乏实践经验可能会对紧急情况下的表现产生负面影响。该研究强调了个性化培训对于提升护士能力的迫切需求，特别是通过短期、强化的方法和模拟演练。进一步的培训和量身定制的计划对于提高护士的整体熟练程度和确保对传染病紧急情况的有效应对至关重要。
