Sinha Akshat, Griffith Liam, Acharjee Animesh
Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Birmingham, UK.
Cancer Med. 2024 Dec;13(23):e70424. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70424.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. Various options are available for treatment, but prognosis is still poor in the more advanced stages. Current screening methods are not as accurate for distinguishing between benign and malignant growths, resulting in unnecessary invasive procedures. Recently a focus has been placed on identifying metabolites. Of these, taurine has frequently been detected, and this particular compound has a multifactorial role in human physiology.
We conducted a systematic review of studies up till November 2023. Searches were done in three databases- MEDLINE, CINAHL-Ebsco, and PubMed. Three independent reviewers filter titles, abstracts, and full-texts according to selection criteria. Ten studies (samples = 1714) were identified showing a differential level of taurine in CRC patient samples. Quality assessment accounted for the risk of bias of each study using the 'robvis' tool. Where meaningful comparisons could be made, meta-analyses were carried out using the 'R' program for precalculated effect sizes with 'metagen' in R. The 'meta' package was utilised for creation of forest plots.
Taurine was shown to significantly increase odds of CRC. It was also significantly associated with being a discriminator for CRC as a diagnostic metabolite. This was maintained at various stages of CRC. Taurine had increased expression in CRC patients, especially when the matrix utilised was blood. Nevertheless, there was significant heterogeneity for some outcomes.
In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential of using taurine as well as other bile acid metabolites (lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acid) to diagnose CRC and illustrate the link with microbiome interactions. Overall increased taurine concentration are associated with significantly increased odds for CRC. There was mostly an increase in relative expression of taurine in CRC samples, excluding results from Wang et al.
结直肠癌（CRC）是最常见的癌症之一。治疗方法多种多样，但在疾病更晚期阶段的预后仍然较差。目前的筛查方法在区分良性和恶性肿瘤方面不够准确，导致了不必要的侵入性检查。最近，人们开始关注代谢物的识别。其中，牛磺酸经常被检测到，这种特殊的化合物在人体生理学中具有多方面的作用。
我们对截至2023年11月的研究进行了系统综述。在三个数据库——MEDLINE、CINAHL-Ebsco和PubMed中进行了检索。三名独立评审员根据选择标准筛选标题、摘要和全文。共确定了10项研究（样本量 = 1714），这些研究显示CRC患者样本中牛磺酸水平存在差异。使用“robvis”工具对每项研究的偏倚风险进行质量评估。在可以进行有意义比较的情况下，使用R语言中的“R”程序对预先计算的效应量进行荟萃分析，并使用“metagen”。利用“meta”包创建森林图。
牛磺酸被证明会显著增加患CRC的几率。它作为一种诊断代谢物，也是CRC的一个显著鉴别指标。在CRC的各个阶段都是如此。CRC患者中牛磺酸表达增加，尤其是当使用血液作为基质时。然而，某些结果存在显著异质性。
总之，这些发现突出了使用牛磺酸以及其他胆汁酸代谢物（石胆酸和熊去氧胆酸）诊断CRC的潜力，并阐明了与微生物群相互作用的联系。总体而言，牛磺酸浓度升高与患CRC的几率显著增加相关。除Wang等人的结果外，CRC样本中牛磺酸的相对表达大多增加。
