Hughes A E, Statham H R, Clarke A D F
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
R Soc Open Sci. 2024 Dec 4;11(12):240060. doi: 10.1098/rsos.240060. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Previous studies have investigated the effect of target prevalence in combination with the effect of explicit target value on human visual foraging strategies, though the conclusions have been mixed. Some find that individuals have a bias towards high-value targets even when these targets are scarcer, while other studies find that this bias disappears when those targets are scarcer. In this study, we tested for a bias for scarce targets using standard feature versus conjunction visual foraging tasks, without an explicit value being given. Based on the idea of commodity theory and implicit value, we hypothesized that participants would show a scarcity bias. The bias was investigated using a Bayesian statistical model which has been developed for predicting target-by-target foraging behaviours. However, we found no evidence of a scarcity bias in our experiment, suggesting that participants did not inherently find rarer targets more rewarding.
以往的研究探讨了目标患病率与明确目标值对人类视觉觅食策略的综合影响，尽管结论不一。一些研究发现，即使高价值目标较为稀少，个体仍对其存在偏好，而其他研究则发现，当这些目标更为稀少时，这种偏好就会消失。在本研究中，我们使用标准特征与联合视觉觅食任务，在未给出明确价值的情况下，测试了对稀少目标的偏好。基于商品理论和隐性价值的概念，我们假设参与者会表现出稀缺偏好。我们使用一种为预测逐个目标的觅食行为而开发的贝叶斯统计模型来研究这种偏好。然而，我们在实验中未发现稀缺偏好的证据，这表明参与者并非天生就觉得更稀少的目标更有价值。
