Sun Xianxun, Tian Tao, Lian Yindong, Cui Zongqiang
School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
ACS Nano. 2024 Dec 17;18(50):33827-33863. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c13146. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have emerged as crucial tools in the field of biomedicine. Leveraging their biological and physicochemical properties, VNPs exhibit significant advantages in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases. Through techniques such as chemical bioconjugation, infusion, genetic engineering, and encapsulation, these VNPs have been endowed with multifunctional capabilities, including the display of functional peptides or proteins, encapsulation of therapeutic drugs or inorganic particles, integration with imaging agents, and conjugation with bioactive molecules. This review provides an in-depth analysis of VNPs in biomedicine, elucidating their diverse types, distinctive features, production methods, and complex design principles behind multifunctional VNPs. It highlights recent innovative research and various applications, covering their roles in imaging, drug delivery, therapeutics, gene delivery, vaccines, immunotherapy, and tissue regeneration. Additionally, the review provides an assessment of their safety and biocompatibility and discusses challenges and future opportunities in the field, underscoring the vast potential and evolving nature of VNP research.
病毒纳米颗粒（VNPs）已成为生物医学领域的关键工具。利用其生物学和物理化学特性，VNPs在人类疾病的预防、诊断和治疗方面展现出显著优势。通过化学生物偶联、注入、基因工程和封装等技术，这些VNPs被赋予了多功能能力，包括展示功能肽或蛋白质、封装治疗药物或无机颗粒、与成像剂整合以及与生物活性分子偶联。本综述对生物医学中的VNPs进行了深入分析，阐明了它们的不同类型、独特特征、生产方法以及多功能VNPs背后复杂的设计原理。它突出了近期的创新性研究和各种应用，涵盖了它们在成像、药物递送、治疗、基因递送、疫苗、免疫疗法和组织再生中的作用。此外，该综述对其安全性和生物相容性进行了评估，并讨论了该领域的挑战和未来机遇，强调了VNP研究的巨大潜力和不断发展的性质。
