Wu Yujie, He Siyi, Cao Mengdi, Teng Yi, Li Qianru, Tan Nuopei, Wang Jiachen, Zuo Tingting, Li Tianyi, Zheng Yuanjie, Xia Changfa, Chen Wanqing
Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2024 Dec 20;137(24):3093-3100. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003442. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
Cancer patterns in China are becoming similar to those in the United States (US). Comparing the recent cancer profiles, trends, and determinants in China and the US can provide useful reference data.
This study used open-source data. We used GLOBOCAN 2022 cancer estimates and United Nations population estimates to calculate cancer cases and deaths in both countries during 2024. Data on cancer incidence and mortality trends were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and National Centre for Health Statistics in the US and cancer registry reports of the National Cancer Center (NCC) of China. Data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) and a decomposition approach were used to estimate the contributions of four determinants to the change in cancer deaths.
In 2024, there are an estimated 3,246,625 and 2,510,597 new cancer cases and 1,699,066 and 640,038 cancer deaths in China and the US, respectively. The highest estimated cancer cases are lung cancer in China and breast cancer in the US. The age-standardized incidence rates of lung and colorectal cancer in the US, and stomach, liver, and esophageal cancer in China have decreased, but the incidence rates of liver cancer in the US and colorectal cancer, prostate cancer in men, and cervical cancer in women in China have increased. Increases in the adult population size and population aging are main reasons for the increase in cancer deaths; case fatality rates are a main reason for the decrease in cancer deaths in both countries.
China has made progress in cancer control but lags the US. Considering the transformation in China's pattern of cancers epidemiology, it is imperative to develop stronger policies by adopting the cancer prevention and control strategies used in the US to address population aging and curb growing cancer trends.
中国的癌症模式正变得与美国相似。比较中美两国近期的癌症概况、趋势和决定因素可以提供有用的参考数据。
本研究使用开源数据。我们使用全球癌症数据2022版的癌症估计数和联合国人口估计数来计算2024年两国的癌症病例和死亡人数。癌症发病率和死亡率趋势的数据来自美国的监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）计划以及国家卫生统计中心，以及中国国家癌症中心（NCC）的癌症登记报告。来自全球疾病负担研究（GBD）的数据和一种分解方法被用来估计四个决定因素对癌症死亡变化的贡献。
2024年，中国估计有3246625例和1699066例新癌症病例和癌症死亡，美国分别为2510597例和640038例。估计癌症病例数最高的在中国是肺癌，在美国是乳腺癌。美国肺癌和结直肠癌以及中国胃癌、肝癌和食管癌的年龄标准化发病率有所下降，但美国肝癌以及中国结直肠癌、男性前列腺癌和女性宫颈癌的发病率有所上升。成年人口规模的增加和人口老龄化是癌症死亡人数增加的主要原因；两国的病死率是癌症死亡人数下降的主要原因。
中国在癌症控制方面取得了进展，但落后于美国。考虑到中国癌症流行病学模式的转变，必须通过采用美国的癌症预防和控制策略来制定更强有力的政策，以应对人口老龄化并遏制不断增长的癌症趋势。
