Golshan Mahsa, Dortaj Hengameh, Rajabi Mehrdad, Omidi Zeinab, Golshan Mehdi, Pourentezari Majid, Rajabi Ali
Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, Shiraz University of Medical Science, P.O.Box: 7154614111, Shiraz, Iran.
Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Cytotechnology. 2025 Feb;77(1):12. doi: 10.1007/s10616-024-00666-7. Epub 2024 Dec 7.
Despite the importance of finding replacements for fetal bovine serum (FBS), very few studies have focused on this subject. Historically, the use of animals and their derivatives in growth, reproduction, and physiological studies has raised several concerns. The supplementation of culture media with FBS, also known as fetal calf serum, continues to be widespread, despite its limitations in quality, reproducibility, and implications for animal welfare. Moreover, the presence of counterfeit and illegal products can adversely affect cell cultures and treatments, prompting the search for alternative solutions. To reduce reliance on FBS, various substitutes have been introduced, such as plant-derived proteins, bovine eye fluid, sericin protein, human platelet lysate, and inactivated coelomic fluid, which can provide roles similar to that of FBS. Therefore, it is essential to develop serum-free and animal supplement-free environments suitable for therapeutic and clinical applications, tailored to the specific needs of different cell types. Among the alternatives, plant-based options have gained attention as sustainable and ethical solutions. These include plant-derived peptones from sources like soy and wheat, which are rich in amino acids and peptides essential for mammalian cell growth, as well as plant protein hydrolysates from beans and peas that serve as sources of amino acids and growth factors. Plant extracts, especially from soy and various seeds, contain necessary proteins and growth factors, while phytohormones such as cytokinins and plant polysaccharides can help regulate cell growth. While these alternatives offer benefits like reduced costs and lower risks of disease transmission, further research is necessary to refine and align them with the specific requirements of diverse cell types.
尽管寻找胎牛血清（FBS）替代品很重要，但很少有研究关注这一主题。从历史上看，在生长、繁殖和生理学研究中使用动物及其衍生物引发了一些担忧。尽管胎牛血清（也称为胎小牛血清）在质量、可重复性以及对动物福利的影响方面存在局限性，但在培养基中添加胎牛血清的情况仍然很普遍。此外，假冒和非法产品的存在会对细胞培养和治疗产生不利影响，促使人们寻找替代解决方案。为了减少对胎牛血清的依赖，人们引入了各种替代品，如植物源蛋白、牛眼液、丝胶蛋白、人血小板裂解液和灭活的体腔液，它们可以发挥与胎牛血清类似的作用。因此，开发适合治疗和临床应用的无血清和无动物补充剂的环境至关重要，要根据不同细胞类型的特定需求进行定制。在这些替代品中，基于植物的选择作为可持续和符合伦理的解决方案受到了关注。这些包括来自大豆和小麦等来源的植物源蛋白胨，它们富含哺乳动物细胞生长所需的氨基酸和肽，以及来自豆类和豌豆的植物蛋白水解物，它们可作为氨基酸和生长因子的来源。植物提取物，特别是来自大豆和各种种子的提取物，含有必要的蛋白质和生长因子，而细胞分裂素等植物激素和植物多糖可以帮助调节细胞生长。虽然这些替代品具有成本降低和疾病传播风险较低等优点，但仍需要进一步研究以完善它们并使其符合不同细胞类型的特定要求。
