Gu Qian, Zhao Xingzhong, Lin Lili, Teo Wei-Peng, Liu Libin, Yuan Shiwei
School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2024 Oct-Dec;24(4):100512. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100512. Epub 2024 Oct 20.
Subthreshold depression (SD) affects a significant proportion of adolescent females, posing a risk of major depression in later life. This study examines the effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) and closed-skill exercise (CSE) on SD, executive function (EF), and emotional states in female adolescents.
A double-blind randomized controlled trial involved 95 female adolescents (mean age = 16.73 ± 0.42 years) with SD symptoms. Participants were assigned to OSE, CSE, or control (CON) groups and underwent an 8-week exercise program. Primary outcomes were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with secondary outcomes including EF tasks and emotional assessments. Differences were examined using generalized linear mixed models with intention-to-treat and multiple imputation.
Both OSE and CSE significantly reduced depressive symptoms, with CSE showing greater improvement. EF assessments showed enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory in both exercise groups at 4 weeks, and superior inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in the CSE group at 8 weeks. Emotional assessments indicated a notable reduction in negative emotions in the CSE group after 8 weeks.
Both OSE and CSE reduce SD symptoms in female adolescents, with CSE providing more sustained benefits for EF and emotional states. Further research on exercise interventions for mental health is warranted.Trial registration number: ChiCTR2400081139.
阈下抑郁（SD）影响着相当比例的青春期女性，增加了其日后患重度抑郁的风险。本研究探讨开放技能运动（OSE）和封闭技能运动（CSE）对青春期女性SD、执行功能（EF）和情绪状态的影响。
一项双盲随机对照试验纳入了95名有SD症状的青春期女性（平均年龄 = 16.73 ± 0.42岁）。参与者被分配到OSE组、CSE组或对照组（CON），并接受为期8周的运动计划。主要结局使用贝克抑郁量表（BDI-13）和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）进行评估，次要结局包括EF任务和情绪评估。使用意向性分析和多重插补的广义线性混合模型检验差异。
OSE和CSE均显著减轻了抑郁症状，CSE组改善更明显。EF评估显示，两个运动组在4周时认知灵活性和工作记忆均增强，CSE组在8周时抑制控制和认知灵活性更优。情绪评估表明，8周后CSE组负面情绪显著减少。
OSE和CSE均可减轻青春期女性的SD症状，CSE对EF和情绪状态的益处更持久。有必要对心理健康的运动干预进行进一步研究。试验注册号：ChiCTR2400081139。
