Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn, Lee Shaun Wen Huey, Kulchaitanaroaj Puttarin, Rayanakorn Ajaree, Lee Haeseon, Looker Katharine Jane, Hutubessy Raymond, Gottlieb Sami L
Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
BMC Glob Public Health. 2024 Jul 2;2(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s44263-024-00053-6.
Globally, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 and -1 infections contribute to a large disease burden, but their full economic consequences remain unclear. This study aims to estimate the global economic impact of genital HSV-2 and HSV-1 infection and its consequences for people with genital ulcer disease, neonatal herpes, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection attributable to HSV-2.
Using a societal perspective, the economic burden was calculated at the country level and presented by World Health Organization (WHO) regions and World-Bank income levels. The disease burden was obtained from previously published global disease burden studies in 2016 and disaggregated for 194 countries. Estimates of healthcare resource utilisation were sourced from a literature review, and online interviews were conducted with 20 experts from all 6 WHO regions. Relevant costs were obtained from the literature and estimated in 2016 international dollars (I$).
Both genital HSV-2 (I$31·2 billion) and HSV-1 (I$4·0 billion) infections and their consequences were estimated to cost I$35·3 billion globally in 2016. The major economic burden was from the Americas and Western Pacific regions combined, accounting for almost two-thirds of the global burden (I$20·8 billion). High- and upper-middle-income countries bore a large proportion of the economic burden (76·6% or I$27·0 billion). Costs were driven by the large number of HSV-2 recurrences; however, even assuming conservatively that people with symptomatic herpes have on average only one episode a year, global costs were estimated at I$16·5 billion.
The global costs of genital HSV infection and its consequences are substantial. HSV prevention interventions have the potential to avert a large economic burden in addition to disease burden; thus, efforts to accelerate HSV vaccine development are crucial.
在全球范围内，单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）-2和-1感染造成了巨大的疾病负担，但其全部经济后果仍不明确。本研究旨在估计生殖器HSV-2和HSV-1感染的全球经济影响，以及其对患有生殖器溃疡疾病、新生儿疱疹和归因于HSV-2的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染人群的影响。
从社会角度出发，在国家层面计算经济负担，并按世界卫生组织（WHO）区域和世界银行收入水平呈现。疾病负担数据来自2016年之前发表的全球疾病负担研究，并按194个国家进行了分类。医疗资源利用的估计数据来自文献综述，并对WHO所有6个区域的20名专家进行了在线访谈。相关成本数据来自文献，并以2016年国际美元（I$）进行估算。
2016年，生殖器HSV-2（312亿美元）和HSV-1（40亿美元）感染及其后果在全球的成本估计为353亿美元。主要经济负担来自美洲和西太平洋地区，两者合计占全球负担的近三分之二（208亿美元）。高收入和中高收入国家承担了大部分经济负担（76.6%或270亿美元）。成本是由大量的HSV-2复发驱动的；然而，即使保守地假设症状性疱疹患者平均每年只有一次发作，全球成本估计仍为165亿美元。
生殖器HSV感染及其后果的全球成本巨大。HSV预防干预措施除了能减轻疾病负担外，还有可能避免巨大的经济负担；因此，加速HSV疫苗研发的努力至关重要。
