2023/24年西班牙北部流感疫苗接种在预防确诊流感病例和住院方面的有效性：一项基于人群的检测阴性病例对照研究。
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing confirmed influenza cases and hospitalizations in Northern Spain, 2023/24 season: A population-based test-negative case-control study.
作者信息
Martínez-Baz Iván, Navascués Ana, Trobajo-Sanmartín Camino, Pozo Francisco, Fernández-Huerta Miguel, Olazabal-Arruiz Maddi, Argente-Colas Lucía, Ezpeleta Guillermo, Echeverria Aitziber, Casado Itziar, Ezpeleta Carmen, Castilla Jesús
机构信息
Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
出版信息
Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Feb;151:107364. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107364. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
OBJECTIVE
We estimated the influenza vaccination effectiveness (IVE) in preventing medical consultations and hospitalizations due to influenza during the 2023/24 season.
METHODS
Two test-negative case-control studies analyzed patients who consulted primary healthcare or were hospitalized for respiratory symptoms and were tested for influenza by PCR in the 2023/24 season in Navarre, Spain. Influenza vaccination status in the current and previous seasons was compared between confirmed influenza cases and test-negative controls. IVE was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio)×100.
RESULTS
Of 3133 hospitalized patients, 529 (17%) were positive for influenza: 71% A/H1N1, 23% A/H3N2, and 7% A nonsubtyped. IVE to prevent hospitalizations was 43% (95%CI: 26%, 56%) overall, 61% (95%CI: 32%, 77%) in people younger than 65 years old and 35% (95%CI: 10%, 53%) in older people. IVE was 48% (95%CI: 30%, 61%) against influenza A/H1N1, and 15% (95%CI: -42%, 49%) against influenza A/H3N2. IVE in people vaccinated only in the previous season was 28% (95%CI: -5%, 51%). Among 417 outpatients, 146 (35%) were confirmed for influenza. IVE to prevent outpatient cases was 49% (95%CI: -9%, 76%) overall and 42% (95%CI: -33%, 74%) against influenza A/H1N1.
CONCLUSIONS
IVE was moderate against influenza A/H1N1 and low against influenza A/H3N2 in the 2023/24 season.
目的
我们评估了2023/24流感季流感疫苗在预防因流感导致的医疗咨询和住院方面的有效性（IVE）。
方法
两项检测阴性病例对照研究分析了2023/24流感季在西班牙纳瓦拉因呼吸道症状到初级医疗保健机构就诊或住院且接受了流感PCR检测的患者。比较了确诊流感病例和检测阴性对照在当前和上一季的流感疫苗接种状况。IVE的计算方法为（1 - 调整后的优势比）×100。
结果
在3133名住院患者中，529人（17%）流感检测呈阳性：71%为甲型H1N1，23%为甲型H3N2，7%为未分型甲型流感。预防住院的IVE总体为43%（95%置信区间：26%，56%），65岁以下人群为61%（95%置信区间：32%，77%），65岁及以上人群为35%（95%置信区间：10%，53%）。预防甲型H1N1流感的IVE为48%（95%置信区间：30%，61%），预防甲型H3N2流感的IVE为15%（95%置信区间：-42%，49%）。仅在上一季接种疫苗的人群的IVE为28%（95%置信区间：-5%，51%）。在417名门诊患者中，146人（35%）确诊为流感。预防门诊病例的IVE总体为49%（95%置信区间：-9%，76%），预防甲型H1N1流感的IVE为42%（95%置信区间：-33%，74%）。
结论
在2023/24流感季，IVE对甲型H1N1流感为中等水平，对甲型H3N2流感为低水平。
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