Liu Zeping, Xiang Chunyu, Zhao Xu, Aizawa Toshimi, Niu Renrui, Zhao Jianhui, Guo Fengshuo, Li Yueying, Luo Wenqi, Liu Wanguo, Gu Rui
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, PR China.
Department of Orthopedics, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Hosp, 83 Xinqiao Main St, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Dec 19;22(1):767. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-03037-8.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common clinical condition of the central nervous system that can lead to sensory and motor impairment below the injury level or permanent loss of function in severe cases. Dynamic spatiotemporal neuroinflammation is vital to neurological recovery, which is collectively constituted by the dynamic changes in a series of inflammatory cells, including microglia, neutrophils, and astrocytes, among others. Immunomodulatory nanomaterials can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome various drawbacks associated with treatment, such as the off-target side effects and loss of bioactivity of immune agents during circulation. In this review, we discuss the role of dynamic spatiotemporal inflammation in secondary injuries after SCI, elaborate on the mechanism of action and effect of existing nanomaterials in treating SCI, and summarize the mechanism(s) whereby they regulate inflammation. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with using nanotechnology to modulate immunotherapy are discussed to provide new insights for future treatment. Deciphering the intricate spatiotemporal mechanisms of neuroinflammation in SCI requires further in-depth studies. Therefore, SCI continues to represent a formidable challenge.
脊髓损伤（SCI）是中枢神经系统的一种常见临床病症，可导致损伤平面以下的感觉和运动功能障碍，严重时可导致功能永久性丧失。动态时空神经炎症对神经恢复至关重要，它由一系列炎症细胞（包括小胶质细胞、中性粒细胞和星形胶质细胞等）的动态变化共同构成。免疫调节纳米材料能够轻易提高治疗效果，同时克服与治疗相关的各种缺点，如脱靶副作用以及免疫制剂在循环过程中的生物活性丧失。在本综述中，我们讨论了动态时空炎症在脊髓损伤后继发性损伤中的作用，阐述了现有纳米材料治疗脊髓损伤的作用机制和效果，并总结了它们调节炎症的机制。最后，讨论了使用纳米技术调节免疫治疗相关的挑战和前景，以为未来治疗提供新的见解。解读脊髓损伤中神经炎症复杂的时空机制需要进一步深入研究。因此，脊髓损伤仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。
