García-Camacha Gutiérrez Aurora, García-Camacha Gutiérrez Irene, Suhonen Riitta, Rodríguez-Martín Beatriz
Social and Health Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain.
Department of Mathematics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Nurs Rep. 2024 Dec 6;14(4):3878-3894. doi: 10.3390/nursrep14040283.
: Individualizing care is the essence of nursing, and its benefits have been extensively proven in older people. The changes arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected it. The aim of this study is to analyze the changes produced in the perceptions about the individualization of care, quality of life, and care environment of elderly people living in long-term care centers before and after the pandemic. : A prospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out. For data collection, the Individualized Care Scale-patient, the EuroQol-5D scale, and a reduced version of the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix test were used, and a statistical analysis was performed. : A total of 177 people participated in the study, with 87 pre-COVID-19 and 90 post-COVID-19, 62.7% of whom were women. The average age was 83.3 years. General activities of the individualized care obtained medians of 4, 2.5, and 3 (out of 5) in clinical situation, personal life situation, and decisional control dimensions, respectively, and no substantial change was observed pre- and post-pandemic. Nevertheless, 10 out of 17 items related with the maintenance of individuality in the last shift were higher rated after COVID-19. They are mainly related to the feelings and needs of care, daily life activities, and the expression of opinions. The median of all items was 3 despite the improvement observed after the pandemic. Residents scored an average of 6.47 points (out of 10) in the life quality self-evaluation and were satisfied with the care environment (94%). Patients with higher life quality and adherence to their environment perceived better care. : Although slight improvements were observed in the individualized care after the pandemic, the obtained results revealed that there is still room for improvement. Particularly, it is necessary to develop strategies aimed at motivating the family participation or providing individual spaces in the residences.
个性化护理是护理工作的核心，其益处已在老年人中得到广泛证实。新冠疫情期间出现的变化可能对其产生了影响。本研究旨在分析疫情前后居住在长期护理中心的老年人对护理个性化、生活质量和护理环境的认知变化。
开展了一项前瞻性横断面观察研究。为收集数据，使用了个性化护理量表 - 患者版、欧洲五维健康量表以及谢菲尔德护理环境评估矩阵测试的简化版，并进行了统计分析。
共有177人参与了该研究，其中87人在新冠疫情前，90人在新冠疫情后，女性占62.7%。平均年龄为83.3岁。个性化护理的一般活动在临床状况、个人生活状况和决策控制维度上的中位数分别为4、2.5和3（满分5分），疫情前后未观察到实质性变化。然而，在最后一个班次中与保持个性相关的17项中有10项在新冠疫情后的评分更高。它们主要与护理感受和需求、日常生活活动以及意见表达有关。尽管疫情后有所改善，但所有项目的中位数仍为3。居民在生活质量自评中平均得分为6.47分（满分10分），并对护理环境感到满意（94%）。生活质量较高且适应环境的患者对护理的感知更好。
尽管疫情后个性化护理有轻微改善，但研究结果表明仍有改进空间。特别是，有必要制定旨在激励家庭参与或在住所提供个人空间的策略。
