Saati Saba, Dehghan Parvin, Zamanian Maryam, Faghfouri Amir Hossein, Maleki Parham
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2024 Dec 28;24(1):32. doi: 10.1007/s40200-024-01541-0. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Functional foods have been widely used as the anti-diabetic agents worldwide. Existing studies presented conflicting results of anti-hyperglycemic properties of gums. This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluated the existing trials and determined the efficacy of different gums on glycemic indices.
Systematic search was performed on four main databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science) by November 2023 using medical subject headings. The meta-analyses were conducted on the findings of the studies of guar gum supplementation on glycemic indices including fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c (hemoglobinA1c) and systematic review studies include the effect of xanthan gum, arabic gum, bitter almond gum, flaxseed gum, oat gum, gellan gum, locust been gum, tragacanth gum, and karaya gum on fasting plasma insulin, postprandial plasma glucose, HbA1c and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA - IR).
Totally, 42 studies were included in this systematic review. Regarding guar gum, xanthan gum, and Arabic gum, most of included studies in our investigation showed that guar gum can be considered as an anti-hyperglycemic agent. Results on other types of gums including bitter almond gum, flaxseed gum, oat gum, gellan gum, locust been gum, tragacanth gum, and karaya gum are limited and exact interpretation cannot be obtained. In meta-analysis on 17 studies of guar gum, it was identified guar gum had a non-significant decrease of 3.02 mg/dl (Mean difference: -3.02, CI 95%: -7.60, 1.56) on the fasting glucose and 0.23 (Mean difference: -0.23, CI 95%: -0.63, 0.17) on HbA1c.
Modification of food processing using gums may be a promising strategy to help modulate glycemic indices. More studies with larger sample size are needed, both with acute and long-term interventions to clarify this issue.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01541-0.
功能性食品作为抗糖尿病药物在全球范围内已被广泛使用。现有研究关于胶类物质的降血糖特性呈现出相互矛盾的结果。本系统评价和荟萃分析研究评估了现有试验，并确定了不同胶类物质对血糖指标的疗效。
截至2023年11月，使用医学主题词在四个主要数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Web of Science）上进行系统检索。对瓜尔胶补充剂对血糖指标（包括空腹血糖（FBG）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c））研究结果进行荟萃分析，系统评价研究包括黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、苦杏仁胶、亚麻籽胶、燕麦胶、结冷胶、刺槐豆胶、西黄蓍胶和卡拉亚胶对空腹血浆胰岛素、餐后血浆葡萄糖、HbA1c和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）的影响。
本系统评价共纳入42项研究。关于瓜尔胶、黄原胶和阿拉伯胶，我们调查中纳入的大多数研究表明，瓜尔胶可被视为一种抗高血糖药物。关于其他类型胶类物质（包括苦杏仁胶、亚麻籽胶、燕麦胶、结冷胶、刺槐豆胶、西黄蓍胶和卡拉亚胶）的结果有限，无法获得确切解释。在对17项瓜尔胶研究的荟萃分析中，发现瓜尔胶使空腹血糖非显著降低3.02mg/dl（平均差异：-3.02，95%CI：-7.60，1.56），使HbA1c降低0.23（平均差异：-0.23，95%CI：-０.63，0.17）。
使用胶类物质改变食品加工方式可能是一种有助于调节血糖指标的有前景的策略。需要更多样本量更大的研究，包括急性和长期干预研究来阐明这一问题。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40200-024-0１541-0获取的补充材料。
