Chen Siqi, Li Yidan, Yang Yichun, Zhao Shibo, Shi Huali, Yang Chengkai, Wu Min, Zhang Aiwu
College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 19;15:1468237. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1468237. eCollection 2024.
Sika deer (, 1838) antler is a highly esteemed tonic renowned for its abundant assortment of polypeptides, polysaccharides, amino acids, and minerals, and is recognized for its multifarious pharmacological properties. However, limited research has been conducted regarding the variation in composition of deer antlers between the upper and basal sections, as well as their pharmacological effects on immunological activity and anti-fatigue in mice. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the appearance, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects of different components within sika deer antlers. This investigation aims to elucidate the disparities in quality among various parts of antlers and establish a theoretical foundation for the precise utilization of sika deer antlers.
The contents of protein, amino acids, polysaccharides, phospholipids, minerals and nucleotides in wax, powder, gauze and bone slices were determined by different nutrient assays. Then, 100 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. The mice in control group were administered 0.3 mL of saline solution per day. The mice in experimental groups were administered 0.3 mL enzymatic hydrolysate of the wax slice, powder slice, gauze slice, bone slice separately per day, continuously for 14 days from the first day. The effect of antler on boosting immunity was evaluated by testing organ indices and assessing immunoglobulin levels by ELISA. Anti-fatigue effects were assessed by a mouse swimming test. Finally, the correlation between composition and pharmacological effects was analysed.
The content of each marker substance gradually decreases from the upper to the basal of deer antler. The protein and uracil content in the wax slice were significantly higher than the other three groups ( < 0.05), and the phospholipid and inosine content were strongly significantly higher than the other three groups ( < 0.01). The content of polysaccharides and hypoxanthine in the wax slice group and powder slice group was significantly higher than that in the gauze slice group and bone slice group ( < 0.05). The amino acid content decreases from the upper to the basal section. Among, the content of Glu, Gly, His, and Pro wax slice was significantly higher than the other three groups ( < 0.01). The content of other minerals except Fe and Mg in the wax slice group was significantly higher than the other three groups ( < 0.01), and the content of Fe and Mg in the bone slice was the highest. Additionally, the immune organ index, immunoglobulin, and glycogen contents displayed a significant increase in comparison to both the control group and the other experimental groups ( < 0.05). And the swimming endurance of mice in the wax slice group was significantly prolonged ( < 0.01). The skeletal muscle state of the wax group mice exhibited superior characteristics, characterized by distinct horizontal stripes and tightly arranged muscle fibers. In contrast, the bone group displayed noticeable yet relatively less compact horizontal stripes. Among the organic and inorganic compositions of deer antler, the highest degree of correlation with the content of IgA, IgM, and IgG was found to be protein (r = 0.999), uracil (r = 0.987), and inosine (r = 0.999), respectively. The proteins (r = 0.997) appear to exert a significant influence on the anti-fatigue effect, while polysaccharides (r = 0.865) demonstrate the least relevance.
These outcomes indicated that the wax slice yielded optimal results among the tested parts and demonstrated the highest efficacy.
梅花鹿（Cervus nippon Temminck，1838）鹿茸是一种备受推崇的滋补品，以其丰富的多肽、多糖、氨基酸和矿物质种类而闻名，并因其多种药理特性而受到认可。然而，关于鹿茸上部和基部之间成分的差异以及它们对小鼠免疫活性和抗疲劳的药理作用的研究有限。本研究的目的是对梅花鹿鹿茸不同部位的外观、化学成分和药理作用进行综合分析。本研究旨在阐明鹿茸各部位质量的差异，并为梅花鹿鹿茸的精准利用奠定理论基础。
采用不同的营养成分分析方法测定蜡片、粉片、纱片和骨片中蛋白质、氨基酸、多糖、磷脂、矿物质和核苷酸的含量。然后，将100只小鼠随机分为5组。对照组小鼠每天给予0.3 mL生理盐水。实验组小鼠每天分别给予0.3 mL蜡片、粉片、纱片、骨片的酶解产物，从第一天开始连续给药14天。通过检测器官指数和用ELISA法评估免疫球蛋白水平来评价鹿茸对增强免疫力的作用。通过小鼠游泳试验评估抗疲劳效果。最后，分析成分与药理作用之间的相关性。
鹿茸各标记物质的含量从上部到基部逐渐降低。蜡片中蛋白质和尿嘧啶含量显著高于其他三组（P < 0.05），磷脂和肌苷含量极显著高于其他三组（P < 0.01）。蜡片组和粉片组多糖和次黄嘌呤含量显著高于纱片组和骨片组（P < 0.05）。氨基酸含量从上部到基部逐渐降低。其中，蜡片中Glu、Gly、His和Pro的含量显著高于其他三组（P < 0.01）。蜡片组中除Fe和Mg外的其他矿物质含量显著高于其他三组（P < 0.01），骨片中Fe和Mg的含量最高。此外，与对照组和其他实验组相比，免疫器官指数、免疫球蛋白和糖原含量显著增加（P < 0.05）。蜡片组小鼠的游泳耐力显著延长（P < 0.01）。蜡片组小鼠的骨骼肌状态表现出优越的特征，横纹明显且肌纤维排列紧密。相比之下，骨片组横纹明显但相对不紧密。在鹿茸的有机和无机成分中，与IgA、IgM和IgG含量相关性最高的分别是蛋白质（r = 0.999）、尿嘧啶（r = 0.987）和肌苷（r = 0.999）。蛋白质（r = 0.997）似乎对抗疲劳作用有显著影响，而多糖（r = 0.865）显示相关性最小。
这些结果表明，在所测试的部位中，蜡片产生的效果最佳，疗效最高。
