Jung Yerin, Bartell Scott M
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Environ Res. 2025 Mar 1;268:120757. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.120757. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
When drinking water is uncontaminated, exposure to PFAS is thought to occur primarily via ingestion of food and indoor dust. To understand the background exposure during prenatal periods, this study examined whether published estimates of PFAS exposure rates from dietary and dust ingestion provide reasonable predictions of PFAS serum concentrations among pregnant women in the general population. This study estimated serum concentrations of four PFAS during pregnancy based on published PFAS intake rates for food and indoor dust reported in the peer-reviewed literature, a pharmacokinetic model using two different sets of parameters, and Monte Carlo simulation to account for variability/uncertainty. Historical dietary ingestion rate was reconstructed using serum PFAS concentrations of pregnant women from NHANES. The estimated serum concentrations for different exposure scenarios were then compared with measured maternal serum levels reported in published studies of populations without known PFAS water contamination. Mother-child dyad models showed no substantial change in serum PFAS concentrations during pregnancy. Lower published estimates of dietary intake and historical reconstruction, resulted in good prediction of maternal serum concentrations for PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS. Higher published estimates of dietary intake overestimated maternal serum concentrations, especially for PFNA. Although some discrepancies exist among published estimates of indoor dust intake, half-life, and volume of distribution for PFAS, any combination of selected estimates from literature along with lower published dietary intake estimates are sufficient to provide reasonable prediction of maternal serum concentrations at population-level.
当饮用水未受污染时，人们认为接触全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）主要是通过摄入食物和室内灰尘。为了解孕期的背景暴露情况，本研究调查了已发表的关于饮食和灰尘摄入中PFAS暴露率的估计值，是否能合理预测普通人群中孕妇的PFAS血清浓度。本研究基于同行评审文献中报道的食物和室内灰尘的PFAS摄入量、使用两组不同参数的药代动力学模型以及用于考虑变异性/不确定性的蒙特卡洛模拟，估计了孕期四种PFAS的血清浓度。利用美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中孕妇的血清PFAS浓度重建了历史饮食摄入率。然后将不同暴露情景下估计的血清浓度与已发表的关于无已知PFAS水污染人群研究中报告的母亲血清实测水平进行比较。母婴二元模型显示孕期血清PFAS浓度无显著变化。已发表的较低饮食摄入量估计值和历史重建结果，能很好地预测全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）的母亲血清浓度。已发表的较高饮食摄入量估计值高估了母亲血清浓度，尤其是全氟萘酸（PFNA）。尽管已发表的关于室内灰尘摄入量、半衰期和PFAS分布容积的估计值存在一些差异，但文献中选定估计值的任何组合以及较低的已发表饮食摄入量估计值，都足以在人群水平上合理预测母亲血清浓度。
