Dobrovolska Lesya, Boyarchuk Oksana
Department of Children's Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
Front Nutr. 2024 Dec 20;11:1477814. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1477814. eCollection 2024.
Magnesium is involved in numerous reactions that regulate the functioning of different organs and systems. Hypomagnesemia impacts on the development of various metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (DM). Studying magnesium levels in children with type 1 DM is crucial, as deficiencies are linked to many diabetes complications. The study aimed to determine dietary magnesium intake, serum magnesium concentration in children with type 1 DM, and their impact on the clinical course of DM.
This case-control study involved 50 children with type 1 DM (cases) and 67 healthy children (control) aged 6-17 years. We conducted a survey to gather basic characteristics, weekly consumption of specific food items, and clinical data for patients with DM and healthy children. Additionally, serum magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus concentration were measured.
Insufficient magnesium dietary intake was observed in 46% of patients with DM and in 34.3% of healthy children ( > 0.05). Serum magnesium concentration in healthy children was higher than in children with DM (0.94 ± 0.24 vs. 0.84 ± 0.14, = 0.011), although the proportion of children with hypomagnesemia did not differ between the groups (11.9% and 14.0%, respectively). Hypomagnesemia was more frequently observed in children from rural areas in both groups: 85.7% in children with DM ( = 0.054) and 62.5% in healthy children ( = 0.010). All children with hypomagnesemia had poor DM control compared to 61.3% of patients with normal magnesium concentration ( = 0.047). The mean magnesium concentration in children with optimal glycemic control was significantly higher than in children with poor control (0.96 ± 0.09 vs. 0.78 ± 0.14 mmol/L, = 0.001). In DM children and hypomagnesemia, significant decreases in serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were observed ( = 0.008 and = 0.017, respectively). Headache and attention disorders were significantly more frequent in DM patients with hypomagnesemia (71.4% vs. 20.9%, = 0.006; 28.6% vs. 4.7%, = 0.031, respectively).
The study demonstrates lower serum magnesium levels in children with type 1 DM than in healthy children, with a higher prevalence of hypomagnesemia in rural areas and those with poor glycemic control. Hypomagnesemia in DM children was associated with lower serum calcium and phosphorus levels, as well as more frequent symptoms such as headaches and attention deficits. Monitoring of serum magnesium is essential in routine care of children with DM.
镁参与众多调节不同器官和系统功能的反应。低镁血症会影响各种代谢紊乱的发生发展，包括胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病（DM）。研究1型糖尿病患儿的镁水平至关重要，因为缺乏镁与许多糖尿病并发症相关。本研究旨在确定1型糖尿病患儿的膳食镁摄入量、血清镁浓度及其对糖尿病临床病程的影响。
本病例对照研究纳入了50例6至17岁的1型糖尿病患儿（病例组）和67例健康儿童（对照组）。我们进行了一项调查，以收集基本特征、特定食物的每周摄入量以及糖尿病患儿和健康儿童的临床数据。此外，还测量了血清镁、钙和磷的浓度。
46%的糖尿病患儿和34.3%的健康儿童存在膳食镁摄入不足（P>0.05）。健康儿童的血清镁浓度高于糖尿病患儿（0.94±0.24 vs. 0.84±0.14，P=0.011），尽管两组低镁血症患儿的比例无差异（分别为11.9%和14.0%）。两组中农村地区儿童低镁血症更为常见：糖尿病患儿中为85.7%（P=0.054），健康儿童中为62.5%（P=0.010）。与镁浓度正常的患儿中61.3%相比，所有低镁血症的糖尿病患儿血糖控制较差（P=0.047）。血糖控制最佳的患儿的平均镁浓度显著高于控制不佳的患儿（0.96±0.09 vs. 0.78±0.14 mmol/L，P=0.001）。在糖尿病合并低镁血症的患儿中，血清钙和磷浓度显著降低（分别为P=0.008和P=0.017）。低镁血症的糖尿病患者头痛和注意力障碍明显更常见（分别为71.4% vs. 20.9%，P=0.006；28.6% vs. 4.7%，P=0.031）。
该研究表明，1型糖尿病患儿的血清镁水平低于健康儿童，农村地区以及血糖控制不佳的患儿低镁血症患病率更高。糖尿病患儿的低镁血症与血清钙和磷水平降低以及头痛和注意力缺陷等更频繁的症状相关。在糖尿病患儿的常规护理中，监测血清镁至关重要。
