Irshad Asma, Jawad Rabbia, Mushtaq Qudsia, Spalletta Alexis, Martin Patrick, Ishtiaq Uzair
School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 6;15(1):976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83506-0.
Plants are the rich source of biologically active compounds which can be obliging against various pathogenic microorganisms and cancerous diseases. The current study evaluated the antibacterial potential of aqueous, methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts of Malus domestica (apple), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) and Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) via agar well diffusion methods and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in (mm) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 19430). The antioxidant properties including total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH and reducing power was determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometery and all the results interpreted through one way ANOVA (STATISTICA). In the results, methanolic and acetonic extracts of C. verum has shown maximum zone of inhibition (22.3 ± 0.58 mm) against S. aureus while for C. verum and T. ammi, ethanolic extracts has expressed the maximum zone of inhibition (22.3 ± 0.58 mm) against S. typhi and for M. domestica the methanolic extracts has exhibited highest zone of inhibition (18 ± 0.56 mm) among all other extracts of M. domestica. The MIC values were comparable with antimicrobial activity. Among the antioxidant activity analysis, the highest level of TPC has observed in aqueous extract of M. domestica 72.15 ± 1.80 mg GAE/g, while highest TFC was observed in methanolic extracts of M. domestica 15.62 ± 0.25 µg CE/g. The DPPH assay showed maximum percentage inhibition 123% in the methanolic extract of M. domestica, while highest reducing potential 13.42 ± 1.15 nm was observed in aqueous extract of C. verum. This study has compared three potential medicinal plants with biological active and eco-friendly components which play crucial role in therapeutics.
植物是生物活性化合物的丰富来源，这些化合物对各种病原微生物和癌症疾病可能具有帮助作用。本研究通过琼脂扩散法和最低抑菌浓度（MIC，单位为mm），评估了苹果（Malus domestica）、肉桂（Cinnamomum verum）和印度莳萝（Trachyspermum ammi）的水提取物、甲醇提取物、乙醇提取物和丙酮提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 25923）和伤寒沙门氏菌（ATCC 19430）的抗菌潜力。通过紫外/可见分光光度法测定了包括总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）、DPPH和还原能力在内的抗氧化性能，所有结果通过单因素方差分析（STATISTICA）进行解释。结果显示，肉桂的甲醇提取物和丙酮提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出最大抑菌圈（22.3±0.58mm）；对于肉桂和印度莳萝，乙醇提取物对伤寒沙门氏菌表现出最大抑菌圈（22.3±0.58mm）；对于苹果，甲醇提取物在苹果的所有其他提取物中表现出最高抑菌圈（18±0.56mm）。MIC值与抗菌活性相当。在抗氧化活性分析中，苹果水提取物中观察到最高水平的TPC，为72.15±1.80mg GAE/g，而苹果甲醇提取物中观察到最高的TFC，为15.62±0.25μg CE/g。DPPH试验显示，苹果甲醇提取物中的最大抑制率为123%，而肉桂水提取物中观察到最高还原电位，为13.42±1.15nm。本研究比较了三种具有生物活性和生态友好成分的潜在药用植物，这些成分在治疗中起着关键作用。
