Tsoukos Athanasios, Wilk Michal, Krzysztofik Michal, Zajac Adam, Bogdanis Gregory C
School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37 Athens, Greece.
Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Dec 26;10(1):4. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10010004.
The tempo of resistance exercises is known to influence performance outcomes, yet its specific effects on post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fast versus slow repetitions at a load of 70% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) in the bench press exercise, focusing on velocity, surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity, and applied force while equating time under tension on bench press throw performance. Eleven men (age: 23.5 ± 5.4 years, height: 1.79 ± 0.04 m, body mass: 79.1 ± 6.4 kg, maximum strength 1-RM: 91.0 ± 12.0 kg) participated. Two experimental conditions (FAST and SLOW) and one control (CTRL) were randomly assigned. Participants performed two sets of six repetitions as fast as possible (FAST condition) and two sets of three repetitions at a controlled tempo (SLOW condition) at half the concentric velocity of FAST, as determined in a preliminary session. Before and after the bench press participants performed bench press throws tests (Pre, 45 s, 4, 8, and 12 min after). sEMG activity and peak force during the bench press were higher in FAST vs. SLOW conditioning activity ( < 0.001), with time under tension showing no significant differences between conditions ( > 0.05). Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) during the bench press throw improved equally in both FAST and SLOW conditions compared with baseline from the 4th to the 12th min of recovery (FAST: +6.8 ± 2.9% to +7.2 ± 3.3%, < 0.01, SLOW: +4.0 ± 3.0% to +3.6 ± 4.5%, < 0.01, respectively). Compared to the CTRL, both conditions exhibited improved MPV values from the 4th to 12th min ( < 0.01). Peak velocity improvements were observed only after the FAST condition compared to the baseline ( < 0.01) with no differences from SLOW. For all muscles involved and time points, sEMG activity during bench press throws was higher than CTRL in both experimental conditions ( < 0.01), with no differences between FAST and SLOW. Peak force increased in both FAST and SLOW conditions at all time points ( < 0.05), compared to CTRL. These findings suggest that post-activation performance enhancement is independent of movement tempo, provided that the resistive load and total time under tension of the conditioning activity are similar. This study provides valuable insights into the complex training method for athletes by demonstrating that varying tempo does not significantly affect post-activation performance enhancement when load and TUT are equated.
众所周知，抗阻训练的节奏会影响训练效果，但其对激活后表现增强（PAPE）的具体影响仍不明确。本研究旨在探究在卧推练习中，以一次最大重复量（1-RM）的70%负荷进行快速与慢速重复的效果，重点关注速度、表面肌电图（sEMG）活动以及施加的力量，同时使卧推投掷动作的张力作用时间相等。11名男性（年龄：23.5±5.4岁，身高：l.79±0.04米，体重：79.1±6.4千克，最大力量1-RM：91.0±12.0千克）参与了研究。随机分配了两种实验条件（快速和慢速）和一种对照条件（CTRL）。参与者在初步测试中确定的快速组同心速度的一半，以尽可能快的速度进行两组每组6次重复（快速条件），并以受控节奏进行两组每组3次重复（慢速条件）。在卧推前后，参与者进行卧推投掷测试（预测试、45秒、4分钟、8分钟和12分钟后）。与慢速条件相比，快速条件下卧推过程中的sEMG活动和峰值力量更高（<0.00l），而两种条件下的张力作用时间无显著差异（>0.05）。与恢复第4分钟至12分钟时的基线相比，快速和慢速条件下卧推投掷的平均推进速度（MPV）均有同等程度的提高（快速组：从+6.8±2.9%提高到+7.2±3.3%，<0.01；慢速组：从+4.0±3.0%提高到+3.6±4.5%，<0.01）。与CTRL组相比，两种条件在第4分钟至12分钟时的MPV值均有所提高（<o.o1）。与基线相比，仅在快速条件后观察到峰值速度有所提高（<0.01），与慢速条件无差异。在两种实验条件下，所有涉及的肌肉和时间点，卧推投掷过程中的sEMG活动均高于CTRL组（<0.01），快速和慢速条件之间无差异。与CTRL组相比，快速和慢速条件在所有时间点的峰值力量均增加（<0.05）。这些发现表明，只要调节活动的阻力负荷和总张力作用时间相似，激活后表现增强与运动节奏无关。本研究通过证明当负荷和张力作用时间相等时，不同的节奏不会显著影响激活后表现增强，为运动员的复杂训练方法提供了有价值的见解。
