Mengoni Beatrice, Armeli Federica, Schifano Emily, Prencipe Sabrina Antonia, Pompa Laura, Sciubba Fabio, Brasili Elisa, Giampaoli Ottavia, Mura Francesco, Reverberi Massimo, Beccaccioli Marzia, Pinto Alessandro, De Giusti Maria, Uccelletti Daniela, Businaro Rita, Vinci Giuliana
Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, 00163 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 16;17(2):302. doi: 10.3390/nu17020302.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammation and oxidative stress are the main pathogenetic pathways involved in the development of several chronic degenerative diseases. Our study is aimed at assessing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from wheat and its derivatives.
The content of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity were carried out by ABTS and DPPH assays. The ability of wheat extracts to promote microglia polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype was evaluated analyzing the increased expression of anti-inflammatory markers by real-time qPCR and immunofluorescence assays. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts was evaluated in by analyzing ROS levels and the expression of the antioxidant enzymes GST-4 and SOD-3 by real-time qPCR and fluorescence experiments. The expression of key genes involved in the innate immune response and stress resistance pathways-, , and -was evaluated by real-time qPCR.
Wheat extracts showed the ability to polarize microglia cells towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, even after the addition of LPS. An antioxidant response was detected both in microglia and in nematode, where the extracts also implemented an anti-stress resilience response and stimulated the innate immunity.
The present study shows that wheat seeds, flour, chaff, and pasta present anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant activities and may be considered as prospective positive health agents for the preparation of functional foods. Moreover, the valorization of by-products from agricultural and agro-industrial activities would also have significant implications in terms of circular economy.
背景/目的：炎症和氧化应激是多种慢性退行性疾病发展过程中的主要致病途径。我们的研究旨在评估从小麦及其衍生物中获得的水醇提取物的抗氧化和抗炎活性。
通过ABTS和DPPH测定法测定总酚类和总黄酮类化合物的含量以及抗氧化活性。通过实时定量PCR和免疫荧光测定法分析抗炎标志物表达的增加，评估小麦提取物促进小胶质细胞向抗炎表型极化的能力。通过实时定量PCR和荧光实验，分析活性氧水平以及抗氧化酶GST-4和SOD-3的表达，评估所有提取物在秀丽隐杆线虫中的抗氧化活性。通过实时定量PCR评估参与先天免疫反应和应激抵抗途径的关键基因（nfkb-1、skn-1和hsp-16.2）的表达。
即使添加脂多糖后，小麦提取物也显示出将小胶质细胞极化至抗炎表型的能力。在小胶质细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫中均检测到抗氧化反应，提取物在其中还产生了抗应激恢复反应并刺激了先天免疫。
本研究表明，小麦种子、面粉、谷壳和意大利面具有抗炎和抗氧化活性，可被视为制备功能性食品的潜在有益健康成分。此外，农业和农工业活动副产品的增值在循环经济方面也将具有重要意义。
