Applications of biocompatible polymeric nanomaterials in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds: Bacterial infections and diabetes.

Printed form of polymeric nanomaterials in formation, crosslinking, structure, properties, toxicity and biocompatibility refers to the application of nanotechnology and 3D printing techniques to fabricate polymeric nanomaterials with specific physicochemical and biomedical features. In this regard, applications of 3D printing techniques, specifically for production of 3D scaffold have received huge attention in diabetes and bacterial infections. This review has tried to address recent advances and challenges related to applications of biocompatible polymeric nanomaterials in 3D printing techniques to ameliorate bacterial infections and diabetes. The applications of metal/metal oxide such as silver, gold, zinc, and titanium dioxide, and polymeric nanoparticles can augment the antimicrobial and degradation characteristics of 3D-printed scaffolds. The rapid advancements in 3D bio-printed scaffolds, specifically by artificial intelligence (AI) present a transformative landscape for diabetes treatment, addressing the complex challenges associated with impaired wound healing and tissue regeneration in individuals with diabetes mellitus.