Schmid Marie-Louise, Werner Julia, Saller Anna M, Reiser Judith, Zablotski Yury, Ostertag Julian, Kreuzer Matthias, Lendl Christine, Potschka Heidrun, Baumgartner Christine
Center of Preclinical Research, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
Clinic for Swine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 25;20(2):e0319106. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319106. eCollection 2025.
Rabbits have a high anesthesia-related mortality rate because of their small size, high metabolic rate and challenging airway management. This study aimed to investigate different combinations of intramuscularly administered anesthetics in New Zealand White rabbits, focusing on their effects on anesthetic depth, physiological parameters, and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Defined doses ketamine (K), esketamine (SK), medetomidine (M), dexmedetomidine (D), midazolam (Mi), and butorphanol (B) were investigated and compared in five different combinations: KM (25/0.25 mg/kg), SKM (17/0.25 mg/kg), SKD (17/0.15 mg/kg), MMiB (0.25/1/0.2 mg/kg), and DMiB (0.15/1/0.2 mg/kg). For 60 minutes, the anesthetic depth was assessed using an anesthesia score, and physiological parameters, including heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation and blood pressure were recorded. The study also assessed the latencies to loss and recovery of reflexes after targeted antagonization, and EEGs were measured. The rabbits were not intubated and were supplied with oxygenated air via nasal probes. All anesthetic combinations achieved anesthesia with surgical tolerance, with significant intergroup differences in HR, RR, blood pressure and EEG power spectra. The KM group demonstrated the most stable anesthesia and rapid recovery, while SKD and SKM groups showed prolonged recovery times. Oxygen saturation remained consistently high across all groups, obviating the need for intubation. All rabbits recovered fully after anesthesia. In conclusion, intramuscular administered anesthetic combinations can provide effective anesthesia with surgical tolerance for short procedures in rabbits. Monitoring circulatory parameters during and after anesthesia and adequate pain management pre-, inter-, and postoperatively are essential. Considering these criteria, the KM group presented the best results compared with the other groups.
由于体型小、代谢率高以及气道管理具有挑战性，兔子的麻醉相关死亡率很高。本研究旨在调查新西兰白兔肌肉注射麻醉剂的不同组合，重点关注其对麻醉深度、生理参数和脑电图（EEG）记录的影响。研究了确定剂量的氯胺酮（K）、艾司氯胺酮（SK）、美托咪定（M）、右美托咪定（D）、咪达唑仑（Mi）和布托啡诺（B），并比较了五种不同组合：KM（25/0.25mg/kg）、SKM（17/0.25mg/kg）、SKD（17/0.15mg/kg）、MMiB（0.25/1/0.2mg/kg）和DMiB（0.15/1/0.2mg/kg）。在60分钟内，使用麻醉评分评估麻醉深度，并记录包括心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）、血氧饱和度和血压在内的生理参数。该研究还评估了靶向拮抗后反射消失和恢复的潜伏期，并测量了脑电图。兔子未进行插管，通过鼻探头供应含氧空气。所有麻醉组合均实现了具有手术耐受性的麻醉，HR、RR、血压和EEG功率谱在组间存在显著差异。KM组表现出最稳定的麻醉和快速恢复，而SKD组和SKM组的恢复时间延长。所有组的血氧饱和度一直保持在较高水平，无需插管。所有兔子麻醉后均完全恢复。总之，肌肉注射麻醉剂组合可为兔子的短时间手术提供有效的具有手术耐受性的麻醉。麻醉期间和之后监测循环参数以及术前、术中和术后进行充分的疼痛管理至关重要。考虑到这些标准，与其他组相比，KM组呈现出最佳结果。
