Aljaier Osama, Alzubi Ahmad, Khadem Amir, Iyiola Kolawole
Department of Business Administration, Institute of Graduate Research and Studies, University of Mediterranean Karpasia, Mersin 33001, Turkey.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 Jan 25;15(2):129. doi: 10.3390/bs15020129.
Workplace hazing remains a critical concern in the hospitality sector, known for its high-pressure environments and hierarchical dynamics. Drawing on transactional stress theory, this study explores the intricate relationships between workplace hazing, emotional exhaustion, and deviant behavior, with a focus on the moderating roles of hope and optimism. The research aims to examine how these psychological factors buffer the negative impacts of workplace hazing on employee behavior. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 494 valid responses comprising employees and supervisors from four- and five-star hotels in Aqaba, Amman, and Petra, Jordan. Convenience sampling was employed, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 29 and AMOS 26. The findings reveal that workplace hazing significantly predicts emotional exhaustion and deviant behavior, with emotional exhaustion mediating this relationship. Hope and optimism were found to moderate these effects, suggesting employees who maintain an optimistic outlook are better equipped to handle stress, which, in turn, reinforces their positive mindset, ultimately fostering healthier workplace cultures. The study offers both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, it extends the transaction theory of stress by integrating emotional exhaustion and deviant behavior. Practically, it suggests that hospitality organizations should focus on mitigating hazing practices, addressing emotional exhaustion through support mechanisms, and fostering positive psychological traits like hope and optimism to enhance employee well-being and minimize deviant behavior.
职场欺凌仍是酒店业的一个关键问题，该行业以高压环境和层级动态而闻名。本研究借鉴交易型应激理论，探讨职场欺凌、情绪耗竭和越轨行为之间的复杂关系，重点关注希望和乐观的调节作用。该研究旨在考察这些心理因素如何缓冲职场欺凌对员工行为的负面影响。采用定量研究方法，从约旦亚喀巴、安曼和佩特拉的四星级和五星级酒店的494名员工和主管的有效回复中收集数据。采用便利抽样法，并使用SPSS 29和AMOS 26对数据进行分析。研究结果表明，职场欺凌能显著预测情绪耗竭和越轨行为，情绪耗竭在这种关系中起中介作用。研究发现希望和乐观能调节这些影响，这表明保持乐观态度的员工更有能力应对压力，进而强化他们的积极心态，最终营造更健康的职场文化。该研究具有理论和实践意义。从理论上讲，它通过整合情绪耗竭和越轨行为扩展了应激交易理论。在实践方面，它表明酒店企业应专注于减少欺凌行为，通过支持机制解决情绪耗竭问题，并培养希望和乐观等积极的心理特质，以提高员工福祉并尽量减少越轨行为。
