Villani Marco, Serra Roberto
Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, Modena and Reggio Emilia University, 41121 Modena, Italy.
European Centre for Living Technology, 30123 Venice, Italy.
Entropy (Basel). 2025 Feb 2;27(2):154. doi: 10.3390/e27020154.
Two different processes take place in self-reproducing protocells, i.e., (i) cell reproduction by fission and (ii) duplication of the genetic material. One major problem is indeed that of assuring that the two processes take place at the same pace, i.e., that they synchronize, which is a necessary condition for sustainable growth. In previous theoretical works, using dynamical models, we had shown that such synchronization can spontaneously emerge, generation after generation, under a broad set of hypotheses about the architecture of the protocell, the nature of the self-replicating molecules, and the types of kinetic equations. However, an important class of cases (quadratic or higher-order self-replication) did not synchronize in the models we had used, but could actually lead to divergence of the concentration of replicators. We show here that this behavior is due to a simplification of the previous models, i.e., the "buffering" hypothesis, which assumes instantaneous equilibrium of the internal and external concentrations of those compounds which can cross the cell membrane. That divergence disappears if we make use of more realistic dynamical models, with finite transmembrane diffusion rates of the precursors of replicators.
在自我复制的原始细胞中发生两种不同的过程,即:(i)通过裂变进行细胞繁殖,以及(ii)遗传物质的复制。一个主要问题确实是要确保这两个过程以相同的速度发生,即它们同步,这是可持续生长的必要条件。在先前的理论工作中,我们使用动力学模型表明,在关于原始细胞结构、自我复制分子的性质以及动力学方程类型的广泛假设下,这种同步可以一代又一代地自发出现。然而,在我们所使用的模型中,一类重要的情况(二次或更高阶的自我复制)并未同步,但实际上可能导致复制子浓度的发散。我们在此表明,这种行为是由于先前模型的一种简化,即“缓冲”假设,该假设假定那些能够穿过细胞膜的化合物的内部和外部浓度瞬间达到平衡。如果我们使用更现实的动力学模型,考虑复制子前体有限的跨膜扩散速率,那么这种发散就会消失。