Cavanagh D
Vaccine. 1985 Mar;3(1):45-8. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(85)90011-8.
A recent development in the production of experimental vaccines has been the use of the smallpox vaccine virus (vaccinia virus) as a carrier (vector) of the genes (immunogenes) which code for the protection-inducing proteins (immunogens) of unrelated viruses. The potential of these vector vaccines lies in the hope that such a vaccine would be cheaper, safer and/or more effective than existing vaccines to some pathogens. Vaccinia virus as a vector has attracted most attention to date because: several immunogenes can be inserted into its genome without destroying its infectivity; the immunogens appear to be produced normally; vaccinia virus has been used highly successfully to eradicate smallpox; and it has a wide host-range and thus might find veterinary as well as human medical application. Experimental vaccines, successfully tested in animals, have been prepared using immunogenes from influenza virus, hepatitis B virus and herpes simplex virus. Apathogenic enteric bacteria have some potential as vectors, most probably against enteric pathogens, although the potential of viral vectors is likely to be realized first. Parasitic worms and protozoa devastate millions of people. When the immunogens of these organisms have been identified there will be added impetus to investigate the potential of vector vaccines against these pathogens.
实验性疫苗生产中的一项最新进展是，利用天花疫苗病毒（痘苗病毒）作为载体，来携带那些编码无关病毒保护性诱导蛋白（免疫原）的基因（免疫基因）。这些载体疫苗的潜力在于，人们希望此类疫苗相对于某些病原体的现有疫苗而言，成本更低、更安全且/或更有效。痘苗病毒作为载体，至今已吸引了最多关注，原因如下：多个免疫基因可插入其基因组而不破坏其传染性；免疫原似乎能正常产生；痘苗病毒已被极为成功地用于根除天花；而且它宿主范围广泛，因此可能在兽医和人类医学领域均有应用。利用来自流感病毒、乙肝病毒和单纯疱疹病毒的免疫基因，已制备出在动物身上成功进行过测试的实验性疫苗。无致病性肠道细菌作为载体具有一定潜力，极有可能用于对抗肠道病原体，不过病毒载体的潜力可能会首先得以实现。寄生虫和原生动物使数百万人深受其害。一旦确定了这些生物体的免疫原，将更有力地推动对针对这些病原体的载体疫苗潜力的研究。
