Liu J J, Cepica A
Can Vet J. 1990 Mar;31(3):181-9.
Numerous conventional vaccines for animal use are currently available, and many of these vaccines have been instrumental in the control of infectious diseases of major economic importance. A vaccine has even been instrumental in global eradication of smallpox, an important human disease. However, many of the current vaccines are deficient in efficiency, potency, or safety. It has been recognized that the conventional methodologies are a limitation to further vaccine development. Introduction of monoclonal antibodies, recombinant DNA, and protein engineering techniques has facilitated a rather rapid increase in the knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms, as well as of protective antigens at the molecular level. This knowledge provides the basis for development of a new generation of vaccines. As a rule, these vaccines contain purified immunogens, or even isolated epitopes, identified and prepared by molecular biological techniques. The efforts to find better delivery systems and better adjuvants accompany the research on vaccines.
目前有许多用于动物的传统疫苗，其中许多疫苗在控制具有重大经济意义的传染病方面发挥了重要作用。有一种疫苗甚至在全球根除天花（一种重要的人类疾病）方面发挥了作用。然而，许多现有疫苗在效率、效力或安全性方面存在不足。人们已经认识到，传统方法是进一步开发疫苗的一个限制因素。单克隆抗体、重组DNA和蛋白质工程技术的引入促进了在发病机制以及分子水平上的保护性抗原方面的知识相当迅速的增长。这些知识为新一代疫苗的开发提供了基础。通常，这些疫苗含有通过分子生物学技术鉴定和制备的纯化免疫原，甚至是分离的表位。在疫苗研究的同时，人们也在努力寻找更好的递送系统和更好的佐剂。
