de Jong Hanna K, Grobusch Martin P
Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health - Global Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Masanga Medical Research Unit (MMRU), Masanga, Sierra Leone.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2025 May 1;20(3):294-302. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000926. Epub 2025 Mar 17.
Although cases of Zika virus disease (ZVD) have declined globally since 2017, new outbreaks have been reported, such as in Asia in 2024. As there is no vaccine or treatment available to date, both vaccines and mAbs neutralizing Zika virus would be of great interest, especially for pregnant women and immunocompromised patients such as those living with HIV. This review focuses on new insights regarding ZVD in the last two years and summarizes the key literature on global epidemiology, transmission, diagnostics, clinical features, preventive measures, and treatment options.
At the time of writing, ZVD is endemic across tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with the highest risk of infection in Latin America and the Caribbean, but no significant peaks in outbreak activity across endemic regions. There are ongoing efforts to further investigate the clinical and epidemiological long-term sequelae of the large outbreak in the Americas 2015-2018; further refinement of diagnostic tools to improve specificity in view of significant cross-reactivity potential, particularly with dengue virus. Multiple vaccines are in different clinical development stages; however, phase 3 trials are awaiting the next epidemic.
While there is no current major zika virus outbreak, progress has been made in the epidemiological work-up of clinical-epidemiological data, refinement of diagnostic tools, and mainly preventive (vaccines) rather than curative (drugs) tools.
尽管自2017年以来全球寨卡病毒病（ZVD）病例有所下降，但仍有新的疫情报告，例如2024年在亚洲。由于目前尚无可用的疫苗或治疗方法，能够中和寨卡病毒的疫苗和单克隆抗体都将备受关注，尤其是对于孕妇和免疫功能低下的患者，如艾滋病毒感染者。本综述重点关注过去两年中关于ZVD的新见解，并总结了有关全球流行病学、传播、诊断、临床特征、预防措施和治疗选择的关键文献。
在撰写本文时，ZVD在世界热带和亚热带地区呈地方性流行，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的感染风险最高，但在流行地区没有明显的疫情高峰。目前正在努力进一步调查2015 - 2018年美洲大规模疫情的临床和流行病学长期后遗症；鉴于存在显著的交叉反应潜力，特别是与登革热病毒的交叉反应，进一步完善诊断工具以提高特异性。多种疫苗正处于不同的临床开发阶段；然而，3期试验正在等待下一次疫情。
虽然目前没有重大的寨卡病毒疫情，但在临床流行病学数据的流行病学检查、诊断工具的完善以及主要是预防性（疫苗）而非治疗性（药物）工具方面已经取得了进展。
