Abdoon Ahmed Sabry S, Soliman Seham Samir, Hussein Noha S, Haggag Samir H I, El-Sanea Amro M, Abdel-Hamid Abdel-Hamid Z
Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 15;15(1):8923. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91710-9.
Understanding the metabolic profile within the follicular microenvironment is crucial for optimizing reproductive efficiency in camels. In this study, we examined the metabolomic profile of camel follicular fluid (FF) during the breeding (n = 10) and non-breeding seasons (n = 10). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to describe the metabolites present in follicular fluid samples. The results found considerable differences in the metabolomics profiles between the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Hexadecenoic acid, galactose and glucose levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in camel FF during the breeding season, while 9-octadecenamide, oleonitrile, glycine, octadecanamide, cholesterol, and propanoic acid were higher (P < 0.05) in FF during the non-breeding season. Multivariante analyses pointed to those 9 metabolites, and univariate analysis showed hexadecenoic acid, galactose, glucose, and oleanitril were the most significant ones in camel follicular fluid collected during both breeding and non-breeding seasons. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed an increase in the levels of hexadecanoic acid, galactose, glucose, and a depletion in the level of oleanitrile in the breeding season compared to the non-breeding season. The ROC curve and statistical analysis showed that hexadecanoic acid, galactose, and oleanitril with AUC = 1 were promising to be seasonal biomarkers of fertility in female camels. In conclusion, the metabolomic analysis of camel FF reveals distinct changes in metabolite levels between breeding and non-breeding seasons, reflecting adaptive metabolic responses to support reproductive processes. These results offer valuable insights into the reproductive physiology of camels and offer practical implications for potential biomarkers and assessing the reproductive status in camels, which can be utilized in reproductive management and conservation efforts in these valuable animal species.
了解卵泡微环境中的代谢谱对于优化骆驼的繁殖效率至关重要。在本研究中，我们检测了繁殖季节（n = 10）和非繁殖季节（n = 10）骆驼卵泡液（FF）的代谢组学谱。采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）技术描述卵泡液样本中的代谢物。结果发现繁殖季节和非繁殖季节的代谢组学谱存在显著差异。繁殖季节骆驼卵泡液中十六碳烯酸、半乳糖和葡萄糖水平显著（P < 0.05）升高，而非繁殖季节卵泡液中9 - 十八碳烯酰胺、油腈、甘氨酸、十八烷酰胺、胆固醇和丙酸水平较高（P < 0.05）。多变量分析指出了这9种代谢物，单变量分析表明十六碳烯酸、半乳糖、葡萄糖和油腈是繁殖季节和非繁殖季节采集的骆驼卵泡液中最显著的代谢物。单变量和多变量分析表明，与非繁殖季节相比，繁殖季节十六烷酸、半乳糖、葡萄糖水平升高，油腈水平降低。ROC曲线和统计分析表明，AUC = 1的十六烷酸、半乳糖和油腈有望成为雌性骆驼生育力的季节性生物标志物。总之，骆驼卵泡液的代谢组学分析揭示了繁殖季节和非繁殖季节代谢物水平的明显变化，反映了支持生殖过程的适应性代谢反应。这些结果为骆驼的生殖生理学提供了有价值的见解，并对潜在的生物标志物和评估骆驼的生殖状态具有实际意义，可用于这些珍贵动物物种的生殖管理和保护工作。
