Zou Binbin, Wu Ping, Chen Jianjun, Luo Juan, Lei Yanjun, Luo Qingqing, Zhu Biqiong, Zhou Ming
Department of Hematology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 415000, China.
BMC Cancer. 2025 Mar 19;25(1):503. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13914-6.
This study assessed the global cancer burden due to occupational carcinogens (OCs) using data from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. Mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were employed to assess the evolving trend of cancer attributable to occupational risk. The analysis was conducted by age, year, geographical location, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Subsequently, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) values were calculated. Globally, asbestos exposure showed the most severe impact on age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate but decreased significantly. Conversely, diesel engine exhaust exposure increased, with EAPCs of 0.80 for deaths. Trichloroethylene exposure, although low in absolute terms, exhibited the fastest growth with an EAPC of 1.21 in age-standardized DALY rate. Notably, diesel engine exhaust exposure in South Asia and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania increased significantly in age-standardized DALY rate. Regions with low to middle SDI, such as South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, showed the highest increases in OC-related cancer burdens in age-standardized DALY rate. Lesotho, Kenya, and Egypt exhibited the fastest growth, with EAPCs in age-standardized DALY rate of 3.45, 2.13, and 2.95, respectively. High-income regions like the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Italy had the most severe OC-related cancer of ASDR burdens in 2021. OC exposure remains a major contributor to the global cancer burden, especially from asbestos and silica. Exposure to diesel engine exhaust was associated with increased risk of cancers, particularly in low -to -middle SDI regions such as South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
本研究利用《2021年全球疾病负担》（GBD 2021）的数据评估了职业致癌物（OCs）导致的全球癌症负担。采用死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）来评估归因于职业风险的癌症的演变趋势。分析按年龄、年份、地理位置和社会人口指数（SDI）进行。随后，计算了估计年百分比变化（EAPC）值。在全球范围内，石棉暴露对年龄标准化死亡率（ASDR）和年龄标准化DALY率的影响最为严重，但显著下降。相反，柴油发动机尾气暴露有所增加，死亡的EAPC为0.80。三氯乙烯暴露虽然绝对值较低，但增长最快，年龄标准化DALY率的EAPC为1.21。值得注意的是，南亚的柴油发动机尾气暴露以及东南亚、东亚和大洋洲的多环芳烃（PAHs）暴露在年龄标准化DALY率方面显著增加。社会人口指数低至中等的地区，如南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲，在年龄标准化DALY率方面与OC相关的癌症负担增加最多。莱索托、肯尼亚和埃及的增长最快，年龄标准化DALY率的EAPC分别为3.45、2.13和2.95。荷兰、英国和意大利等高收入地区在2021年的ASDR负担中与OC相关的癌症最为严重。OC暴露仍然是全球癌症负担的主要贡献因素，尤其是石棉和二氧化硅。接触柴油发动机尾气与癌症风险增加有关，特别是在南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲等社会人口指数低至中等的地区。
