Bai Jianhao, Wan Zhongqi, Gao Yan, Peng Qing
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Aug 14;12:1638733. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1638733. eCollection 2025.
Eye cancer is a significant threat to vision and survival because of its location, diagnostic challenges, and aggressive nature. However, its global epidemiology, especially regarding differences across countries, age groups, and sex, is not well-studied.
This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to evaluate trends in eye cancer, focusing on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized rates and estimated annual percentage changes were used to assess trends over time. Disparities were examined by sociodemographic index (SDI), sex, and age, with concentration and slope index analyses assessing development-and sex-related inequalities.
From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of eye cancer showed an overall increase in incidence and prevalence, with notable geographic and sociodemographic variations. Sociodemographic analysis revealed persistent inequalities, with higher detection-related prevalence and incidence in developed regions and greater mortality and disability in less developed areas. Age-specific prevalence demonstrated a rightward shift, with older populations, particularly those aged ≥65 years, carrying the largest burden. Sex disparities were also evident, as men generally exhibited higher incidence and prevalence rates, while women in low-SDI regions faced a disproportionate share of mortality and DALY burden.
This study highlights significant global disparities in eye cancer, influenced by sociodemographic factors, sex, and age. Urgent investment in diagnostic infrastructure, equitable care, and sex-sensitive measures is essential to reduce preventable vision loss and cancer deaths.
眼癌因其位置、诊断挑战和侵袭性本质，对视力和生存构成重大威胁。然而，其全球流行病学，尤其是不同国家、年龄组和性别的差异，尚未得到充分研究。
本研究分析了《2021年全球疾病负担研究》的数据，以评估眼癌趋势，重点关注1990年至2021年期间204个国家的发病率、患病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）。采用年龄标准化率和估计的年度百分比变化来评估随时间的趋势。通过社会人口指数（SDI）、性别和年龄来检查差异，集中指数和斜率指数分析评估与发展和性别相关的不平等。
1990年至2021年期间，全球眼癌负担在发病率和患病率方面总体呈上升趋势，存在显著的地理和社会人口差异。社会人口分析显示不平等现象持续存在，发达地区与检测相关的患病率和发病率较高，而欠发达地区的死亡率和伤残情况更为严重。特定年龄患病率呈现右移趋势，老年人群，尤其是65岁及以上人群负担最重。性别差异也很明显，男性的发病率和患病率普遍较高，而低社会人口指数地区的女性面临着不成比例的死亡率和伤残调整生命年负担。
本研究突出了眼癌在全球存在的显著差异，这些差异受到社会人口因素、性别和年龄的影响。迫切需要投资于诊断基础设施、公平医疗和性别敏感措施，以减少可预防的视力丧失和癌症死亡。
