Koulali Aimad, Radomski Piotr, Ziółkowski Paweł, Petronella Francesca, De Sio Luciano, Mikielewicz Dariusz
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Energy, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
Institute of Crystallography CNR-IC, Montelibretti Division, National Research Council of Italy, Area Territoriale di Ricerca di Roma 1 Strada Provinciale 35d, n. 9, 00010, Montelibretti, RM, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 19;15(1):9543. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-92007-7.
Noble metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great potential in the field of sustainable energy. Gold nanorods (AuNRs), known for their size-dependent optical and electrical characteristics, are strong candidates for various applications, particularly in solar energy conversion. Additionally, AuNRs are well-established nanomaterials in precision medicine. In this paper, we optimize the shape and size of AuNRs to maximize light-to-heat conversion based on a validated theoretical model. Utilizing the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm, a robust metaheuristic optimization approach, we calculated the optimal size and shape of AuNRs for selected wavelengths. The aspect ratio (AR), defined as the ratio of the diameter to the length of the AuNRs, was a key parameter in the optimization process. The optimization results reveal that for shorter wavelengths, near-spherical AuNRs (AR of 0.71 and 0.75) demonstrate the highest efficiency, while for longer wavelengths, more elongated AuNRs (AR of 0.24 and 0.17) outperform others. This study also includes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations to evaluate the impact of optimized AuNRs on heat generation in a real-world scenario. A case study is presented in which lasers of different wavelengths irradiate a borosilicate glass embedded with a slab of AuNRs at its center. The results, reported as temperature distributions and temperature evolution during irradiation, indicate that the optimized AuNRs significantly enhance heat generation across various laser wavelengths. Specifically, temperature increases were observed as follows: from 2.28 to [Formula: see text] at 465 nm, from 1.91 to [Formula: see text] at 532 nm, from 1.7 to [Formula: see text] at 640 nm, from 40 to [Formula: see text] at 808 nm, and from 0.94 to [Formula: see text] at 980 nm, respectively. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the optimization process in enhancing photothermal conversion.
贵金属纳米颗粒（NPs）在可持续能源领域已展现出巨大潜力。金纳米棒（AuNRs）以其尺寸依赖的光学和电学特性而闻名，是各种应用的有力候选材料，尤其是在太阳能转换方面。此外，AuNRs是精准医学中成熟的纳米材料。在本文中，我们基于一个经过验证的理论模型优化了AuNRs的形状和尺寸，以实现光热转换的最大化。利用差分进化（DE）算法（一种强大的元启发式优化方法），我们计算了选定波长下AuNRs的最佳尺寸和形状。长径比（AR）定义为AuNRs的直径与长度之比，是优化过程中的关键参数。优化结果表明，对于较短波长，近球形的AuNRs（AR为0.71和0.75）表现出最高效率，而对于较长波长，更细长的AuNRs（AR为0.24和0.17）则优于其他形状。本研究还包括计算流体动力学（CFD）计算，以评估优化后的AuNRs在实际场景中对热生成的影响。文中给出了一个案例研究，其中不同波长的激光照射一块中心嵌入AuNRs平板的硼硅酸盐玻璃。报告的结果为照射期间的温度分布和温度变化，结果表明优化后的AuNRs在各种激光波长下显著增强了热生成。具体而言，观察到的温度升高情况如下：在465nm时从2.28升高到[公式：见原文]，在532nm时从1.91升高到[公式：见原文]，在640nm时从1.7升高到[公式：见原文]，在808nm时从40升高到[公式：见原文]，在980nm时从0.94升高到[公式：见原文]。这些发现强调了优化过程在增强光热转换方面的有效性。
