Hu Yitong, Zhou Tengda, Cai Ping, He Zihao
Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Front Oncol. 2025 Mar 11;15:1531592. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1531592. eCollection 2025.
As research into tumour immunotherapy continues to accelerate, new frontiers are being revealed in the field of cancer treatment. A significant focus has been drawn to neoantigen-based personalised tumour vaccines, a pioneering immunotherapy. This approach involves the use of genetic mutations that are unique to tumor cells to custom-design personalized tumor vaccines. These vaccines elicit an immune response that is specifically directed at targeting and eliminating cancer cells. The incorporation of neoantigens, arising from mutations within tumor cells, confers a distinct advantage to personalized tumor vaccines in terms of precision and the mitigation of adverse effects. However, the intricate pathways from antigen presentation to the activation of tumor immunogenicity remain to be elucidated. This paper primarily delves into the origins and characteristics of neoantigens, and also neoantigen prediction, highlights existing screening methods, and addresses the limitations of current approaches. It is hoped that this review will act as a catalyst, accelerating the understanding of relevant knowledge and illuminating research hotspots for scientists poised to venture into neoantigen research.
随着肿瘤免疫治疗研究的不断加速，癌症治疗领域正展现出新的前沿领域。基于新抗原的个性化肿瘤疫苗这一开创性的免疫疗法受到了极大关注。这种方法利用肿瘤细胞特有的基因突变来定制个性化肿瘤疫苗。这些疫苗引发的免疫反应专门针对靶向和消除癌细胞。肿瘤细胞内突变产生的新抗原的纳入，在精准度和减轻不良反应方面赋予了个性化肿瘤疫苗独特优势。然而，从抗原呈递到肿瘤免疫原性激活的复杂途径仍有待阐明。本文主要深入探讨新抗原的起源和特征、新抗原预测，重点介绍现有筛选方法，并探讨当前方法的局限性。希望这篇综述能起到催化剂的作用，加速科学家对相关知识的理解，并为准备涉足新抗原研究的科学家阐明研究热点。
