Sarkar Supratik, Mehrabad Mahmoud Jalali, Suárez-Forero Daniel G, Gu Liuxin, Flower Christopher J, Xu Lida, Watanabe Kenji, Taniguchi Takashi, Park Suji, Jang Houk, Zhou You, Hafezi Mohammad
Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Sci Adv. 2025 Mar 28;11(13):eadv2023. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adv2023. Epub 2025 Mar 26.
Recently, light-matter interaction has been vastly expanded as a control tool for inducing and enhancing many emergent nonequilibrium phenomena. However, conventional schemes for exploring such light-induced phenomena rely on uniform and diffraction-limited free-space optics, which limits the spatial resolution and the efficiency of light-matter interaction. Here, we overcome these challenges using metasurface plasmon polaritons (MPPs) to form a sub-wavelength optical lattice. Specifically, we report a "nonlocal" pump-probe scheme where MPPs are excited to induce a spatially modulated AC Stark shift for excitons in a monolayer of MoSe, several microns away from the illumination spot. We identify nearly two orders of magnitude reduction for the required modulation power compared to the free-space optical illumination counterpart. Moreover, we demonstrate a broadening of the excitons' linewidth as a robust signature of MPP-induced periodic sub-diffraction modulation. Our results will allow exploring power-efficient light-induced lattice phenomena below the diffraction limit in active chip-compatible MPP architectures.
最近，光与物质的相互作用作为一种控制工具，已被极大地扩展，用于诱导和增强许多新出现的非平衡现象。然而，探索此类光诱导现象的传统方案依赖于均匀且受衍射限制的自由空间光学，这限制了空间分辨率以及光与物质相互作用的效率。在此，我们利用超表面表面等离激元极化激元（MPP）形成亚波长光学晶格，克服了这些挑战。具体而言，我们报告了一种“非局域”泵浦 - 探测方案，其中MPP被激发，以在距离照明光斑几微米远的单层MoSe中为激子诱导空间调制的交流斯塔克位移。我们发现，与自由空间光学照明相比，所需的调制功率降低了近两个数量级。此外，我们证明了激子线宽的展宽是MPP诱导的周期性亚衍射调制的一个有力标志。我们的结果将有助于在有源芯片兼容的MPP架构中探索低于衍射极限的高效光诱导晶格现象。
