Molina Diana, Marinas Ioana C, Angamarca Evelyn, Hanganu Anamaria, Stan Miruna, Chifiriuc Mariana C, Tenea Gabriela N
Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group, Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio s-21 y José María Córdova, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador.
Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Mar 18;14(3):318. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14030318.
: The deterioration of food quality and safety is often linked to the presence of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Postbiotics, including organic acids, enzymes, and bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have emerged as promising next-generation food preservatives. This study investigates the biological and physicochemical properties of several postbiotic-based extracts (PBEs) comprising cell-free supernatant (CFS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) fractions derived from three native probiotic strains: UTNGt2, UTNGt28, and UTNGt21O. The antibacterial activity of these PBEs was assessed against multidrug-resistant L1PEag1. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity along with the characterization of these formulations was assessed. FU6 (CFS UTNGt28: EPS UTNGt2) and FU13 (CFS UTNGt21O) were found as the most potent formulations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed dose- and time-dependent damage to the bacterial membrane and cell wall. FU6 exhibited superior antioxidant activity and lacked hemolytic effects, whereas both FU6 and FU13 induced cell-specific responses in HEK293 (human kidney) and HT-29 (intestinal mucus-producing) cell lines. Furthermore, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy identified characteristic absorption bands corresponding to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, while proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy revealed key monosaccharides, amino acids, and metabolites such as lactate and acetate within the extracts. FU6 and FU13 demonstrate potential as safe and effective postbiotic formulations at non-concentrated doses. However, further research is required to elucidate their molecular composition comprehensively and evaluate their applicability for broader and long-term use in food preservation and pharmaceutical development.
食品质量和安全的恶化通常与致病微生物和腐败微生物的存在有关。后生元，包括乳酸菌（LAB）产生的有机酸、酶和细菌素，已成为有前景的下一代食品防腐剂。本研究调查了几种基于后生元的提取物（PBEs）的生物学和物理化学性质，这些提取物包括来自三种天然益生菌菌株UTNGt2、UTNGt28和UTNGt21O的无细胞上清液（CFS）和胞外多糖（EPS）部分。评估了这些PBEs对多重耐药性Listeria monocytogenes L1PEag1的抗菌活性。此外，还评估了这些制剂的抗氧化能力、细胞毒性以及特性。发现FU6（CFS UTNGt28:EPS UTNGt2）和FU13（CFS UTNGt21O）是最有效的制剂。透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）证实了对细菌膜和细胞壁的剂量和时间依赖性损伤。FU6表现出优异的抗氧化活性且无溶血作用，而FU6和FU13在HEK293（人肾）和HT-29（肠道黏液产生）细胞系中均诱导了细胞特异性反应。此外，衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）光谱确定了与蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物和核酸相对应的特征吸收带，而质子核磁共振（H-NMR）光谱揭示了提取物中的关键单糖、氨基酸以及乳酸和乙酸等代谢物。FU6和FU13在非浓缩剂量下显示出作为安全有效后生元制剂的潜力。然而，需要进一步研究以全面阐明其分子组成，并评估它们在食品保鲜和药物开发中更广泛和长期使用的适用性。
