Bugajewski Mikołaj, Angerhoefer Norbert, Pączek Leszek, Kaleta Beata
Students Scientific Society, Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 2;26(7):3320. doi: 10.3390/ijms26073320.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a rising global health issue. Chronic intestinal inflammation is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite significant progress in IBD and CRC treatment, numerous patients remain resistant to standard pharmacotherapy or experience severe side effects that prevent them from continuing treatment. There is evidence suggesting that bioactive substances in have immunomodulatory and anticancer properties. This fungus is currently classified as a functional food, considering its beneficial effects on human health and special nutritional value. Studies conducted in vitro and in animal models demonstrated that bioactive compounds, in particular glucans, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, induce apoptosis of cancer cells, reduce tumor angiogenesis, restore gut microbiome heterogeneity and improve gut barrier dysfunction. Moreover, clinical trials confirmed that these compounds combined with standard chemotherapy have a significant effect in improving the prognosis of CRC patients. In addition, glucans increase microbial diversity and enhance interferon (IFN)-γ production by immune cells. Future studies must be focused on understanding the pathways and mechanisms associated with the observed effects. Moreover, both randomized trials and long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness in the treatment of IBD and CRC.
炎症性肠病（IBD），包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC），是一个日益严重的全球健康问题。慢性肠道炎症是结直肠癌（CRC）的一个重要危险因素。尽管在IBD和CRC治疗方面取得了重大进展，但仍有许多患者对标准药物治疗耐药或出现严重副作用，导致他们无法继续治疗。有证据表明，[某种真菌]中的生物活性物质具有免疫调节和抗癌特性。鉴于这种真菌对人类健康的有益影响和特殊营养价值，目前它被归类为功能性食品。在体外和动物模型中进行的研究表明，[该真菌的]生物活性化合物，特别是葡聚糖，具有抗炎和抗氧化作用，诱导癌细胞凋亡，减少肿瘤血管生成，恢复肠道微生物群的异质性并改善肠道屏障功能障碍。此外，临床试验证实，这些化合物与标准化疗联合使用对改善CRC患者的预后有显著效果。此外，[该真菌的]葡聚糖增加微生物多样性并增强免疫细胞产生干扰素（IFN）-γ的能力。未来的研究必须集中于了解与观察到的效果相关的途径和机制。此外，还需要随机试验和长期随访研究来证实它们在治疗IBD和CRC方面的有效性。
