Jouzova Anna, Jouza Martin, Turek Jakub, Gerychova Romana, Jezova Marta, Janku Petr, Hruban Lukas
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Apr 23;25(1):469. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07494-3.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common congenital tumor. The incidence of malignant types is rare but increases with late detection or in case of relapse. Prenatal diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since this is a rare congenital anomaly, we should report all cases to improve prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management.
Retrospective analysis of sixteen cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma delivered and treated at the University Hospital Brno between 2005 and 2020. The following criteria were evaluated: gestational week of the primary diagnosis, exact description of ultrasound findings, pregnancy management, delivery mode, correlation of prenatal ultrasound with postnatal findings in the newborn, as well as the occurrence of early and late complications in newborns and children.
Out of sixteen cases, seven cases (43.8%) were indicated for pregnancy termination based on ultrasound findings, the parent's decision, and an estimation of an adverse pregnancy outcome. In nine cases (56.2%), the pregnancy continued and was ended by delivery. In one case, there was an early postnatal death of a newborn after birth in the 25th week of gestation. In eight cases, live fetuses were born in which the tumor was surgically removed between day 1 and 14 months after birth. There was a strong correlation between the tumor description made by prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and related severe complications in newborns. The incidence of severe early and late complications in ongoing pregnancies was very low-only one case of infection in the surgical wound requiring reoperation (12.5%) was described. In two patients (25%), a transient stoma establishment was necessary for secondary ileus. One case of recurrence of the disease at two years of age occurred, requiring the administration of chemotherapy (12.5%), and one patient has mild persistent urinary incontinence.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma is one of the rarest congenital malformations. A detailed prenatal ultrasound examination is essential to estimate the pregnancy prognosis. The most predictive ultrasound predictor of favorable early and late postnatal outcomes and long-term child development is the presence of cystic sacrococcygeal formation, the most common tumor type, and the absence of signs of cardiac failure due to fetal anemia. In these cases, with early surgical treatment provided, the incidence of severe complications and long-term consequences in children is very low, and parents should be informed during prenatal counseling. It is necessary to register all the SCT cases due to the rarity of this congenital anomaly for further statistical analysis of the importance of ultrasound markers.
骶尾部畸胎瘤（SCT）是最常见的先天性肿瘤。恶性类型的发病率很低，但随着检测延迟或复发而增加。产前诊断基于超声检查和磁共振成像（MRI）。由于这是一种罕见的先天性异常，我们应报告所有病例以改善产前诊断和产后管理。
回顾性分析2005年至2020年在布尔诺大学医院分娩并接受治疗的16例骶尾部畸胎瘤病例。评估以下标准：初次诊断的孕周、超声检查结果的准确描述、妊娠管理、分娩方式、产前超声与新生儿产后检查结果的相关性，以及新生儿和儿童早期及晚期并发症的发生情况。
16例病例中，7例（43.8%）基于超声检查结果、父母的决定以及对不良妊娠结局的估计而被建议终止妊娠。9例（56.2%）继续妊娠并分娩结束。1例在妊娠25周出生后新生儿早期死亡。8例活产胎儿出生后，在出生后第1天至14个月之间进行了肿瘤手术切除。产前超声诊断所描述的肿瘤情况与新生儿相关严重并发症之间存在很强的相关性。持续妊娠中严重早期和晚期并发症的发生率非常低——仅描述了1例手术伤口感染需要再次手术（12.5%）。2例患者（25%）因继发性肠梗阻需要临时造口。1例在2岁时疾病复发，需要进行化疗（12.5%），1例患者有轻度持续性尿失禁。
骶尾部畸胎瘤是最罕见的先天性畸形之一。详细的产前超声检查对于评估妊娠预后至关重要。对于早期和晚期产后良好结局以及儿童长期发育最具预测性的超声指标是存在囊性骶尾部结构、最常见的肿瘤类型，以及无因胎儿贫血导致的心力衰竭迹象。在这些病例中，若能早期进行手术治疗，儿童严重并发症和长期后果的发生率非常低，产前咨询时应告知父母。由于这种先天性异常罕见，有必要登记所有骶尾部畸胎瘤病例，以便对超声标志物的重要性进行进一步统计分析。
