London Justin, Paulsrud Thea S, Danielsen Anne
RITMO Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of Rhythm, Time, and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2025 Apr 25. doi: 10.3758/s13414-025-03057-y.
Musical expertise affects the perception of the temporal location of a musical sound, often to a significant degree. In a study involving jazz musicians, electronic dance music (EDM) music producers, and Norwegian folk musicians, Danielsen et al. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 84, 599-615, (2022) found significant between-group differences regarding the mean location as well as the variability around that mean for a set of control and genre-specific musical sounds. The present study extends these findings to singers who are experts in jazz versus classical music genres. In two experiments participants were presented with sung (Exp. 1) and sung and spoken (Exp. 2) syllables. In both the task was to synchronize either taps or a click track with a looped target sound. In both experiments, we found that classical participants tended to place the mean location later (relative to the acoustic onset) than jazz participants, and likewise had greater variability. Interestingly, and contra to our hypothesis, this between-group difference persisted even when the stimuli were spoken rather than sung. The current study gives further insights into how musical expertise impacts the low-level processing of musical sounds and provides a window into the interaction between top-down and bottom-up aspects of music and auditory perception more generally. In addition, it provides insight into how musicians approach musical and quasi-musical tasks, as well as the way they perceive the acoustic aspects of sound both as a musical object in its own right as well as a cue for perception-action coupling with their fellow musicians.
音乐专业知识常常在很大程度上影响对音乐声音时间位置的感知。在一项涉及爵士音乐家、电子舞曲（EDM）音乐制作人以及挪威民间音乐家的研究中，丹尼尔森等人（《注意力、感知与心理物理学》，第84卷，第599 - 615页，2022年）发现，对于一组对照和特定流派的音乐声音，不同组在平均位置以及该平均值周围的变异性方面存在显著差异。本研究将这些发现扩展到了爵士与古典音乐流派方面的专家——歌手。在两个实验中，向参与者呈现了演唱的（实验1）以及演唱和说话的（实验2）音节。在两个实验中，任务都是将敲击或节拍器与一个循环的目标声音同步。在两个实验中，我们都发现古典音乐参与者倾向于将平均位置放置得比爵士音乐参与者更靠后（相对于声音起始），并且同样具有更大的变异性。有趣的是，与我们的假设相反，即使刺激是说话而非演唱，这种组间差异仍然存在。当前的研究进一步深入了解了音乐专业知识如何影响音乐声音的低层次加工，并且更广泛地为音乐和听觉感知的自上而下和自下而上方面之间的相互作用提供了一个窗口。此外，它还深入了解了音乐家如何处理音乐和准音乐任务，以及他们将声音的声学方面既视为一个独立的音乐对象，又视为与其他音乐家进行感知 - 行动耦合的线索的方式。
