Xu Xuanwei, Zhang Min, Meng Xinxin, Chen Ying, Leng Xu, Liang Shuang, Zhao Dan
Ginseng and Antler Products Testing Center of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Foods. 2025 Apr 17;14(8):1381. doi: 10.3390/foods14081381.
Several challenges persist in China's ginseng industry. Phoxim, chlorpyrifos, quintozene-unregistered pesticides primarily used as soil insecticides and fungicides-may pose high dietary risks. This study performed a thorough screening of potential pesticides used in Chinese ginseng cultivation, evaluated the long-term dietary risks for the ginseng-consuming group, and used the primary risk factors for ginseng in China and South Korea to compare the two nations' pesticide usage scenarios. From 2020 to 2022, 325 pesticides and related compounds were screened in 15 major ginseng-producing counties and 3 commercial markets in Northeast China, and 39 pesticides and 3 metabolites were identified using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including allylmorph, pyrimethanil, pyraclostrobin, and other contaminants in Northeast China. Acute and chronic dietary risk assessment was performed using 0.009 kg as the maximum daily intake and 0.005 kg as the average daily intake, with adults as the exposed population. Based on these findings and reliable toxicological data, acute and chronic dietary risk quotients for ginseng were assessed, considering dietary intake and population exposure. The results indicate that ginseng products are generally safe and manageable, with acute and long-term dietary risks remaining within acceptable limits.
中国的人参产业仍存在若干挑战。辛硫磷、毒死蜱、五氯硝基苯（主要用作土壤杀虫剂和杀菌剂的未注册农药）可能带来较高的膳食风险。本研究对中国参农使用的潜在农药进行了全面筛查，评估了人参消费群体的长期膳食风险，并利用中国和韩国人参的主要风险因素比较了两国的农药使用情况。2020年至2022年期间，在中国东北15个主要人参产区县和3个商业市场对325种农药及相关化合物进行了筛查，采用气相色谱-串联质谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴定出39种农药和3种代谢物，包括烯丙吗啡、嘧霉胺、吡唑醚菌酯以及中国东北地区的其他污染物。以0.009千克作为最大日摄入量、0.005千克作为平均日摄入量，以成人为暴露人群，进行了急性和慢性膳食风险评估。基于这些发现和可靠的毒理学数据，考虑膳食摄入量和人群暴露情况，评估了人参的急性和慢性膳食风险商数。结果表明，人参产品总体上安全可控，急性和长期膳食风险均在可接受范围内。
