Huang Guan-Jiang, Fan Zhi-Jun, Lu Biao-Qing
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 9;13:1526719. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1526719. eCollection 2025.
Complete hearing loss, especially the age-related type, poses a significant public health challenge globally. This study aims to assess the global burden on the prevalence of complete hearing loss from 1992 to 2021 and forecast trends up to 2036.
Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, we assessed the global burden of complete hearing loss across 204 countries and territories. We analyzed temporal trends in ASPR using Joinpoint regression, evaluated the contributions of age, period, and cohort effects through Age-Period-Cohort modeling, and performed decomposition analysis to determine the impact of demographic and epidemiological changes on prevalence trends. Predictions of future ASPR trends were made using Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models.
By 2021, the global prevalence of complete hearing loss had reached 9.9 million cases, with the ASPR declining from 134.35 to 117.79 per 100,000. The overall Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) was-0.45. The most significant reductions were observed in low-SDI regions, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa (EAPC: -0.74). In contrast, high-SDI regions, including North America and Western Europe, showed more modest declines (EAPC: -0.18). Notably, East Asia exhibited a 62.3% increase in prevalence, with high-income Asia Pacific showing the highest relative rise at 83.97%. Age-related hearing loss remained the dominant cause, especially among individuals aged 60 and above. Males were more affected than females. Population aging and growth were the major drivers of the increased prevalence in high-SDI regions, while population growth was the primary factor in low-SDI areas.
The burden of complete hearing loss remains high in prevalence, particularly in aging populations within high-SDI regions, despite overall reductions in ASPR. Significant regional disparities remain, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve access to hearing care and affordable technologies in low-SDI regions.
全聋，尤其是与年龄相关的全聋，在全球范围内构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。本研究旨在评估1992年至2021年全球全聋患病率的负担，并预测到2036年的趋势。
利用2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的数据，我们评估了204个国家和地区的全球全聋负担。我们使用Joinpoint回归分析了年龄标准化患病率（ASPR）的时间趋势，通过年龄-时期-队列模型评估了年龄、时期和队列效应的贡献，并进行了分解分析，以确定人口和流行病学变化对患病率趋势的影响。使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列（BAPC）和自回归积分移动平均（ARIMA）模型对未来ASPR趋势进行了预测。
到2021年，全球全聋患病率已达990万例，ASPR从每10万人134.35例降至117.79例。总体估计年百分比变化（EAPC）为-0.45。在低社会人口指数（SDI）地区，尤其是撒哈拉以南非洲地区，降幅最为显著（EAPC：-0.74）。相比之下，包括北美和西欧在内的高SDI地区降幅较小（EAPC：-0.18）。值得注意的是，东亚的患病率上升了62.3%，高收入亚太地区的相对上升幅度最高，为83.97%。与年龄相关的听力损失仍然是主要原因，尤其是在60岁及以上的人群中。男性比女性受影响更大。人口老龄化和增长是高SDI地区患病率上升的主要驱动因素，而人口增长是低SDI地区的主要因素。
尽管ASPR总体有所下降，但全聋负担的患病率仍然很高，尤其是在高SDI地区的老年人群中。显著的地区差异仍然存在，这突出表明需要采取有针对性的干预措施，以改善低SDI地区获得听力护理和负担得起的技术的机会。
