Fuster Joan, Capdevila Lluis, Caparros Toni
Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Barcelona, Spain.
Sports Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2025 Apr 23;16:1523915. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1523915. eCollection 2025.
This study aims to describe the dynamics of training loads during specific training sessions, to determine the possible differences among the metrics of Cognitive Load (CL), External Load (EL) and Internal Load (IL) between training sessions and to assess the possible relationship between the CL, EL and IL variables to completely monitor the athletes' performance level. Ten professional female basketball players (age 26.45 ± 3.5 years) took part in this descriptive study throughout the second round of competition, completing a total of 11 competitive microcycles. The training sessions were classified according to the distance between the previous game and the next one (MD +/- X), making distinctions between MD + 2, MD-4, MD-3, MD-2 and MD-1. The following descriptive variables of the tasks were recorded: specificity, number of players, playing space, time pressure, decision-making and competitive stimulus. The analyzed variables were rate of perceived cognitive exertion (RPE Cog) and heart rate variability (HRV) for CL, total amount of high intensity actions (HI-T) and total sum of accelerations - decelerations (AD-T) for EL, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and summated heart rate zones (SHRZ) for IL. The load dynamics showed an increase in uncertainty throughout the microcycle, progressing from less to more specific, and a load distribution in which MD + 2 and MD-1 show the lowest values and MD-4, MD-3 and MD-2 the highest. Significant differences ( < 0.01) were found between sessions for all the analyzed variables. Possible relationships between the CL, EL and IL metrics were also established. This study shows the reality of a professional team, where the distance from the next match determines the dynamics of the workload, promoting an increase in uncertainty and specificity throughout the microcycle, thus causing an increase in cognitive load.
本研究旨在描述特定训练课期间训练负荷的动态变化，确定训练课之间认知负荷（CL）、外部负荷（EL）和内部负荷（IL）指标的可能差异，并评估CL、EL和IL变量之间的可能关系，以全面监测运动员的表现水平。十名职业女子篮球运动员（年龄26.45±3.5岁）在第二轮比赛期间参与了这项描述性研究，共完成了11个竞技小周期。训练课根据上一场比赛与下一场比赛之间的间隔（MD +/- X）进行分类，区分MD + 2、MD - 4、MD - 3、MD - 2和MD - 1。记录了任务的以下描述性变量：特异性、球员数量、比赛空间、时间压力、决策和竞争刺激。分析的变量包括用于CL的主观认知努力程度（RPE Cog）和心率变异性（HRV），用于EL的高强度动作总量（HI - T）和加减速总量（AD - T），以及用于IL的主观用力程度（RPE）和累计心率区间（SHRZ）。负荷动态显示，在整个小周期中不确定性增加，从较不具体到更具体，并且负荷分布中MD + 2和MD - 1显示最低值，MD - 4、MD - 3和MD - 2显示最高值。所有分析变量在各训练课之间均发现有显著差异（<0.01）。还建立了CL、EL和IL指标之间的可能关系。本研究揭示了职业球队的实际情况，即与下一场比赛的间隔决定了工作量的动态变化，在整个小周期中促进了不确定性和特异性的增加，从而导致认知负荷增加。
