Polak Martyna, Berniak Krzysztof, Szewczyk Piotr K, Knapczyk-Korczak Joanna, Marzec Mateusz M, Purbayanto Muhammad Abiyyu Kenichi, Jastrzębska Agnieszka M, Stachewicz Urszula
Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
Mater Today Bio. 2025 Apr 21;32:101785. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101785. eCollection 2025 Jun.
The development of electrospun scaffolds that support cell adhesion and infiltration remains a critical challenge in tissue engineering. In this study, we investigate the influence of two-dimensional (2D) fillers-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and MXene (TiCT )-incorporated into poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) electrospun fibers on their properties and osteoblast responses. The presence of fillers modified fiber arrangement and created varying inter-fiber spacing due to surface charge repulsion and agglomeration. Importantly, surface potential measurements via Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) of PLLA fibers show a significant shift caused by the incorporation of TiCT to ∼400 mV compared to ∼50 mV for rGO. tests indicate that rGO-modified scaffolds support osteoblast infiltration up to ∼100 μm, unlike PLLA fibers, which limit cell infiltration to a maximum of ∼70 μm. However, TiCT promotes even deeper (∼120 μm) and more uniform cell's infiltration due to changes in scaffold architecture. High-resolution confocal imaging confirmed that PLLA-TiCT fosters larger, elongated adhesion site clusters of cells, whereas rGO increases cell's adhesion site density in relation to PLLA scaffolds without any filler. Our findings highlight the distinct roles of rGO and TiCT in modulating scaffold geometry, mechanical behavior, and cellular interactions. Tailoring the composition and distribution of conductive fillers in fibers offers a promising strategy for optimizing scaffold performance in tissue engineering applications.
开发能够支持细胞黏附和浸润的电纺支架仍然是组织工程中的一项关键挑战。在本研究中，我们研究了二维（2D）填料——还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）和MXene（TiCT ）——掺入聚（L-乳酸）（PLLA）电纺纤维中对其性能和成骨细胞反应的影响。填料的存在改变了纤维排列，并由于表面电荷排斥和团聚而产生了不同的纤维间距。重要的是，通过开尔文探针力显微镜（KPFM）对PLLA纤维进行表面电位测量发现，掺入TiCT 导致表面电位显著偏移至约400 mV，而rGO导致的偏移约为50 mV。 测试表明，与PLLA纤维将细胞浸润限制在最大约70μm不同，rGO修饰的支架支持成骨细胞浸润至约100μm。然而，由于支架结构的变化，TiCT 促进了更深（约120μm）且更均匀的细胞浸润。高分辨率共聚焦成像证实，PLLA-TiCT 促进形成更大、更长的细胞黏附位点簇，而相对于没有任何填料的PLLA支架，rGO增加了细胞黏附位点密度。我们的研究结果突出了rGO和TiCT 在调节支架几何形状、力学行为和细胞相互作用方面的不同作用。调整纤维中导电填料的组成和分布为优化组织工程应用中的支架性能提供了一种有前景的策略。
