Álvarez Diego Martín-Caro, García-Iglesias Javier, Rojas-Chicote Carmen, Ruiz-Tornero Ana María, Mozo-Martín María Rosa, Barrios-Escudero Virginia, Rodríguez-Barrientos Ricardo
Unidad de Atención a Residencias, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, SERMAS, Madrid, Spain.
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain.
Rev Esp Quimioter. 2025 May 9;38(4):345-351. doi: 10.37201/req/033.2025.
Invasive pneumococcal disease is the most severe form of pneumococcal disease, with a high incidence rate that is associated with age and the existence of risk factors. The Residential Care Units (RCU) of the Community of Madrid have been designed with the primary objective of improving the quality and safety of care for institutionalised patients. The aim of the study was to describe pneumococcal vaccination coverage and administration periods in institutionalised patients, as well as to analyse the possible association of different variables with vaccination status.
A retrospective observational study was conducted on institutionalised patients with an indicated vaccination who were in active status in their electronic health records as of May 2024. The study variables were age, sex, type of centre, Barthel Index, comorbidities, number of pneumococcal vaccine doses, and date of vaccination. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of the variables age, sex, and Barthel Index with vaccination status.
The total number of patients in the study population was 40,660. A total of 32,436 doses of pneumococcal vaccine were administered. Pneumococcal vaccination coverage was found to be 81.10% in centres for the elderly and 71.36% in centres for the disabled. Sex-adjusted variables associated with vaccination were age (OR:1.30; 95% CI: 1.12-1.50) in patients with older age and Barthel Index (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.68-2.08) in patients with total dependency.
The establishment of the RCUs has improved vaccination coverage. Moreover, adequate vaccination is associated with older age and a higher level of dependency. Strategies must be implemented to increase vaccination rates among both institutionalised patients and adults in the general population.
侵袭性肺炎球菌病是肺炎球菌病最严重的形式，发病率较高，与年龄和危险因素的存在有关。马德里自治区的寄宿护理机构（RCU）的设计主要目的是提高对机构化患者的护理质量和安全性。本研究的目的是描述机构化患者的肺炎球菌疫苗接种覆盖率和接种时间段，并分析不同变量与疫苗接种状态之间可能存在的关联。
对截至2024年5月在其电子健康记录中处于活跃状态且有疫苗接种指征的机构化患者进行了一项回顾性观察研究。研究变量包括年龄、性别、中心类型、巴氏指数、合并症、肺炎球菌疫苗接种剂量数和接种日期。使用逻辑回归模型评估年龄、性别和巴氏指数变量与疫苗接种状态之间的关联。
研究人群中的患者总数为40660人。共接种了32436剂肺炎球菌疫苗。发现老年中心的肺炎球菌疫苗接种覆盖率为81.10%，残疾中心为71.36%。与疫苗接种相关的经性别调整的变量在老年患者中为年龄（比值比：1.30；95%置信区间：1.12 - 1.50），在完全依赖的患者中为巴氏指数（比值比：1.87；95%置信区间：1.68 - 2.08）。
RCU的设立提高了疫苗接种覆盖率。此外，适当的疫苗接种与年龄较大和更高的依赖程度相关。必须实施策略以提高机构化患者和普通人群中成年人的疫苗接种率。
