Azadi Namam Ali, Ziapour Arash, Mohammadkhah Fatemeh, Darabi Fatemeh, Yoosefi Lebni Javad, Chaboksavar Fakhreddin, Yıldırım Murat, Kianipour Neda
Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Policy and Promotion Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
J Patient Exp. 2025 May 8;12:23743735251341719. doi: 10.1177/23743735251341719. eCollection 2025.
Breast cancer is regarded as a healthcare issue for women worldwide and affects women of all races, ethnicities, and social classes. The study aimed to examine the effects of the health belief model (HBM)-based educational program on knowledge, practices, and how to prevent breast cancer in women who go to health centers in Iran, which is in the province of Alborz in Iran. A quasi-experimental study was carried out based on a pretest-posttest design with the control group in 2022. A study targeted 128 women in 2 interventions (n = 64) and control (n = 64) groups. The data were collected from participants using a researcher-made questionnaire developed based on key constructs of the HBM, before and 2 months after the educational intervention. Educational intervention was held for 6 sessions of 60 min duration each. The health belief model evaluates 7 components of individuals, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, and practice. The Mann-Whitney test was utilized to compare the levels of quantitative variables between the 2 groups. A chi-squared test was utilized for the categorical variables. A robust analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on all 7 HBM components. The results showed that using the health belief model can increase awareness, perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and self-efficacy of women for the prevention of breast cancer.
乳腺癌被视为全球女性的一个医疗保健问题，影响着所有种族、族裔和社会阶层的女性。该研究旨在考察基于健康信念模型（HBM）的教育项目对前往伊朗阿尔伯兹省健康中心的女性在乳腺癌预防知识、实践方面的影响以及如何预防乳腺癌。2022年，基于前后测设计并设置对照组开展了一项准实验研究。该研究针对128名女性，分为2个干预组（n = 64）和对照组（n = 64）。在教育干预前和干预2个月后，使用基于健康信念模型的关键构建所编制的研究者自制问卷从参与者那里收集数据。教育干预共进行6次，每次时长60分钟。健康信念模型评估个体的7个组成部分，包括感知易感性、感知严重性、感知障碍、感知益处、自我效能、行动线索和实践。采用曼-惠特尼检验比较两组之间定量变量的水平。采用卡方检验分析分类变量。采用稳健协方差分析（ANCOVA）评估干预对所有7个健康信念模型组成部分的影响。结果表明，运用健康信念模型可以提高女性预防乳腺癌的意识、感知益处、感知易感性、感知严重性和自我效能。
