Georgakopoulou Vasiliki Epameinondas, Spandidos Demetrios A, Corlateanu Alexandru
Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Biomed Rep. 2025 May 8;23(1):112. doi: 10.3892/br.2025.1990. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Recent advancements in diagnostic technologies have significantly transformed the landscape of respiratory medicine, aiming for early detection, improved specificity and personalized therapeutic strategies. Innovations in imaging such as multi-slice computed tomography (CT) scanners, high-resolution CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have revolutionized our ability to visualize and assess the structural and functional aspects of the respiratory system. These techniques are complemented by breakthroughs in molecular biology that have identified specific biomarkers and genetic determinants of respiratory diseases, enabling targeted diagnostic approaches. Additionally, functional tests including spirometry and exercise testing continue to provide valuable insights into pulmonary function and capacity. The integration of artificial intelligence is poised to further refine these diagnostic tools, enhancing their accuracy and efficiency. The present narrative review explores these developments and their impact on the management and outcomes of respiratory conditions, underscoring the ongoing shift towards more precise and less invasive diagnostic modalities in respiratory medicine.
诊断技术的最新进展显著改变了呼吸医学的格局，目标是早期检测、提高特异性和制定个性化治疗策略。成像技术的创新，如多层计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描仪、高分辨率CT和磁共振成像（MRI），彻底改变了我们可视化和评估呼吸系统结构和功能方面的能力。这些技术得到了分子生物学突破的补充，分子生物学已经确定了呼吸系统疾病的特定生物标志物和遗传决定因素，从而实现了靶向诊断方法。此外，包括肺活量测定和运动测试在内的功能测试继续为肺功能和能力提供有价值的见解。人工智能的整合有望进一步完善这些诊断工具，提高其准确性和效率。本篇叙述性综述探讨了这些进展及其对呼吸疾病管理和预后的影响，强调了呼吸医学正朝着更精确、侵入性更小的诊断方式不断转变。
