Oliveira Gabriel da Silva, McManus Concepta, Dos Santos Vinícius Machado
Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13416-000, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2025 Apr 27;14(5):422. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14050422.
The bacterial contamination of eggshells may be responsible for embryonic mortality, as may the contamination of chicks and broilers. Poor incubation results may be related to high levels of contamination that overcome the antibacterial defenses of the eggshell structure and the poultry's immune system. Although synthetic antibacterial formulations have demonstrated efficacy in controlling eggshell bacteria, they have also demonstrated toxicity to the embryo. In this study, we aimed to establish a safe and antibacterial topical protocol using essential oil (SAEO) to sanitize hatching chicken eggs. We evaluated the antibacterial capacity of this essential oil and used the 'hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane' (HET-CAM) model to measure its toxicity. Our results demonstrated the high effectiveness of SAEO in reducing the bacterial load on eggshells, suggesting that this natural compound is a promising egg sanitizer. However, although the HET-CAM model did not indicate signs of toxicity for pure SAEO, we recommend that its application, following dilution in grain alcohol, be carried out on the surface of eggshells and never directly in the internal embryonic compartment, owing to the toxicity of alcohol.
蛋壳的细菌污染可能是胚胎死亡的原因，雏鸡和肉鸡的污染情况也可能如此。孵化效果不佳可能与高水平的污染有关，这种污染会突破蛋壳结构的抗菌防御以及家禽的免疫系统。尽管合成抗菌制剂已证明在控制蛋壳细菌方面有效，但它们也已证明对胚胎具有毒性。在本研究中，我们旨在建立一种使用香芹籽精油（SAEO）对孵化鸡蛋进行消毒的安全且具有抗菌作用的局部处理方案。我们评估了这种精油的抗菌能力，并使用“鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜试验”（HET-CAM）模型来测量其毒性。我们的结果表明SAEO在降低蛋壳上的细菌载量方面具有高效性，这表明这种天然化合物是一种有前景的鸡蛋消毒剂。然而，尽管HET-CAM模型未显示纯SAEO有毒性迹象，但由于酒精具有毒性，我们建议在将其用谷物酒精稀释后，应用于蛋壳表面，而绝不能直接用于胚胎内部腔室。
