Mulat Elias, Tamiru Dessalegn, Abate Kalkidan Hassen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2024 May;34(3):173-184. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.2.
Globally, a substantial burden of disease is attributable to environmental risk factors including indoor air pollution. Nearly half of the world's population relies on solid fuel. Almost all (98.8%) residents in Ethiopia are dependent on biomass fuel as their basic source of energy for cooking. Thus, we set out to quantify the concentration of indoor air pollutants and household exposures in different housing characteristics and cooking conditions.
A survey was conducted in 280 randomly selected households in Jimma town, Ethiopia. A real-time concentration of fine particulate matters (PM, PM) and pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were measured using Laser PM Meter-5800D/5800E and Aeroqual's TM series 500 portable air quality monitors. Data on housing characteristics, kitchen configuration, and ventilation status were collected using observation checklist.
The median concentrations of pollutants in all measured households were PM; 294 µg/m3, PM; 270 µg/m3, CO; 577 mg/m3, CO; 7.9 mg/m3, and VOC; 1077 mg/m3. Households that used solid fuels had significantly higher concentration of PM2.5 (U = 53.0, p < 0.001), PM (U =63.0, p < 0.001),CO (U = 3519.50, p < 0.001), and CO (U = 3246.0, p < 0.001) than households that used clean fuel.
All households in this study were exposed to high concentration of indoor air pollutants that exceeded WHO's air quality standard Effective strategy should be put in place to reduce the emission of air pollutants and to set air quality management and improvements policy.
在全球范围内，包括室内空气污染在内的环境风险因素导致了相当大的疾病负担。世界上近一半的人口依赖固体燃料。埃塞俄比亚几乎所有（98.8%）的居民都依赖生物质燃料作为烹饪的基本能源。因此，我们着手量化不同住房特征和烹饪条件下室内空气污染物的浓度以及家庭暴露情况。
在埃塞俄比亚吉马镇随机抽取280户家庭进行调查。使用激光粉尘仪5800D/5800E和Aeroqual的TM系列500便携式空气质量监测仪测量细颗粒物（PM、PM）以及一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化碳（CO）和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）等污染物的实时浓度。通过观察清单收集有关住房特征、厨房配置和通风状况的数据。
所有被测家庭中污染物的中位数浓度分别为：PM；294微克/立方米，PM；270微克/立方米，CO；577毫克/立方米，CO；7.9毫克/立方米，VOC；1077毫克/立方米。使用固体燃料的家庭中PM2.5（U = 53.0，p < 0.001）、PM（U = 63.0，p < 0.001）、CO（U = 3519.50，p < 0.001）和CO（U = 3246.0，p < 0.001）的浓度显著高于使用清洁燃料的家庭。
本研究中的所有家庭都暴露于超过世界卫生组织空气质量标准的高浓度室内空气污染物中。应制定有效的策略以减少空气污染物排放，并制定空气质量管理和改善政策。
